Difference between revisions of "Anhydrite"

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[[File:65.1749-SC30364.jpg|thumb|]]
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[[File:65.1749-SC30364.jpg|thumb|Egyptian ointment jar<br>MFA# 65.1749]]
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
  
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A naturally occurring mineral of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=calcium sulfate, anhydrous anhydrous calcium sulfate] that is often found in gypsum deposits. Anhydrite was first identified as a mineral in deposits at Innsbruck, Austria in 1794. Other major deposits occur in Canada (Ontario), and the U.S. (Arizona, New Mexico). Anhydrite can be transparent or translucent and has a lustrous sheen. It occurs in several colors such as white, gray, blue, pink, red, and lavender. Anhydrite was used in ancient Egypt for carved objects and vessels, many of which are in the shape of animals (Fay, 1998). Powdered anhydrite has also been found as a filler in the gesso grosso ground layers of Italian paintings and polychromed sculpture. Currently, the colorless, inert pigment is often used as a filler in paper, paints, and plastics.
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A naturally occurring mineral of [[calcium%20sulfate%2C%20anhydrous|anhydrous calcium sulfate]] that is often found in gypsum deposits. Anhydrite was first identified as a mineral in deposits at Innsbruck, Austria in 1794. Other major deposits occur in Canada (Ontario), and the U.S. (Arizona, New Mexico). Anhydrite can be transparent or translucent and has a lustrous sheen. It occurs in several colors such as white, gray, blue, pink, red, and lavender. Anhydrite was used in ancient Egypt for carved objects and vessels, many of which are in the shape of animals (Fay, 1998). Powdered anhydrite has also been found as a filler in the gesso grosso ground layers of Italian paintings and polychromed sculpture. Currently, the colorless, inert pigment is often used as a filler in paper, paints, and plastics.
  
 
[[File:pa31214anhydrite.jpg|thumb|Anhydrite]]
 
[[File:pa31214anhydrite.jpg|thumb|Anhydrite]]
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== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
  
 
anhydrous calcium sulfate; Anhydrit (Deut.); anhydrite (Fr.); anhidrita (Esp.); anydritis (Gr.); anidrite (It.); anhydriet (Ned.); anhydryt (Pol.); anidrite (Port.); blue marble; anhydrite white;
 
anhydrous calcium sulfate; Anhydrit (Deut.); anhydrite (Fr.); anhidrita (Esp.); anydritis (Gr.); anidrite (It.); anhydriet (Ned.); anhydryt (Pol.); anidrite (Port.); blue marble; anhydrite white;
  
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|anhydriteRS.jpg~Raman|anhydrite.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Anhydrite PMA.TIF~FTIR (PMA)|anhydriteRS.jpg~Raman (RASMIN)|anhydrite.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
  
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== Other Properties ==
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== Risks ==
  
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Orthorhombic crystals but usually massive. Perfect cleavage in three directions. Sometimes fluorescent, especially after heating.
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* Can alter to gypsum in humid conditions.
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* USG: [https://www.usg.com/content/dam/USG_Marketing_Communications/united_states/sds/usg-anhydrite-rock-sds-en-52000000153.pdf SDS]
  
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Fracture = uneven.  Luster = vitreous to pearly.  Streak = white to gray.
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== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
  
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Under cross polarsparticles usually show bright second order interference
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* Orthorhombic crystals but usually massive. 
 +
* Perfect cleavage in three directions. 
 +
* Sometimes fluorescent, especially after heating. 
 +
* Fracture = uneven. 
 +
* Luster = vitreous to pearly. 
 +
* Streak = white to gray.
 +
* Under cross polars, particles usually show bright second order interference
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
Line 31: Line 39:
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Melting Point
 
! scope="row"| Melting Point
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| 1450
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| 1450 C
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Density
 
! scope="row"| Density
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| 2.9-3.0
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| 2.9-3.0 g/ml
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
 
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
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| mol. wt. = 136.14
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| 136.14
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Refractive Index
 
! scope="row"| Refractive Index
 
| 1.570; 1.575; 1.614
 
| 1.570; 1.575; 1.614
 
|}
 
|}
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== Hazards and Safety ==
 
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Can alter to gypsum in humid conditions.
 
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Mallinckrodt Baker: [http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/c0497.htm MSDS]
 
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== Additional Information ==
 
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B.Fay ""Egyptian Duck Flasks of Blue Anhydrite" in ''Metropolitan Museum Journal'', 33:23-48, 1998.  Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Anhydrite.shtml Anhydrite]
 
  
 
== Additional Images ==
 
== Additional Images ==
Line 61: Line 59:
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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==Resources and Citations==
  
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== Authority ==
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* B.Fay ""Egyptian Duck Flasks of Blue Anhydrite" in ''Metropolitan Museum Journal'', 33:23-48, 1998.
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* Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Anhydrite.shtml Anhydrite]
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* Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, ''Pigment Compendium'', Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004  Comment: Refractive Index: alpha=1.569-1.574; beta=1.574-1.579; gamma=1.609-1.618
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* Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, ''Pigment Compendium'', Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004  Comment: Refractive Index: alpha=1.569-1.574; beta=1.574-1.579; gamma=1.609-1.618
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* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966  Comment: density = 2.93; refractive index = 1.570; 1.614; 1.575
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* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966  Comment: density = 2.93; refractive index = 1.570; 1.614; 1.575
 
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* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "anhydrite"  [Accessed December 4, 2001].
 
* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "anhydrite"  [Accessed December 4, 2001].
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* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
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* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
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* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 38
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* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
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* G.S.Brady, G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 38
 
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* Richard S. Lewis, Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
 
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* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983
 
* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983
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* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhydrite Anhydrite] (Accessed December 4, 2001 and July 2023).
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* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com  Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhydrite
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* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000  Comment: transparent white pigment
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* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000  Comment: transparent white pigment
 
  
  
  
 
[[Category:Materials database]]
 
[[Category:Materials database]]

Latest revision as of 13:00, 14 July 2023

Egyptian ointment jar
MFA# 65.1749

Description

A naturally occurring mineral of anhydrous calcium sulfate that is often found in gypsum deposits. Anhydrite was first identified as a mineral in deposits at Innsbruck, Austria in 1794. Other major deposits occur in Canada (Ontario), and the U.S. (Arizona, New Mexico). Anhydrite can be transparent or translucent and has a lustrous sheen. It occurs in several colors such as white, gray, blue, pink, red, and lavender. Anhydrite was used in ancient Egypt for carved objects and vessels, many of which are in the shape of animals (Fay, 1998). Powdered anhydrite has also been found as a filler in the gesso grosso ground layers of Italian paintings and polychromed sculpture. Currently, the colorless, inert pigment is often used as a filler in paper, paints, and plastics.

Anhydrite

Synonyms and Related Terms

anhydrous calcium sulfate; Anhydrit (Deut.); anhydrite (Fr.); anhidrita (Esp.); anydritis (Gr.); anidrite (It.); anhydriet (Ned.); anhydryt (Pol.); anidrite (Port.); blue marble; anhydrite white;

FTIR (PMA)

Anhydrite PMA.TIF

Raman (RASMIN)

AnhydriteRS.jpg

Chemical structure

Anhydrite.jpg


Risks

  • Can alter to gypsum in humid conditions.
  • USG: SDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Orthorhombic crystals but usually massive.
  • Perfect cleavage in three directions.
  • Sometimes fluorescent, especially after heating.
  • Fracture = uneven.
  • Luster = vitreous to pearly.
  • Streak = white to gray.
  • Under cross polars, particles usually show bright second order interference
Composition CaSO4
CAS 7778-18-9
Mohs Hardness 3.0 - 3.5
Melting Point 1450 C
Density 2.9-3.0 g/ml
Molecular Weight 136.14
Refractive Index 1.570; 1.575; 1.614

Additional Images

  • Anhydrite

  • Anhydrite

  • Anhydrite

Resources and Citations

  • B.Fay ""Egyptian Duck Flasks of Blue Anhydrite" in Metropolitan Museum Journal, 33:23-48, 1998.
  • Mineralogy Database: Anhydrite
  • Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, Pigment Compendium, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004 Comment: Refractive Index: alpha=1.569-1.574; beta=1.574-1.579; gamma=1.609-1.618
  • R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: density = 2.93; refractive index = 1.570; 1.614; 1.575
  • Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "anhydrite" [Accessed December 4, 2001].
  • C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
  • G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 38
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983
  • Wikipedia: Anhydrite (Accessed December 4, 2001 and July 2023).
  • Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 Comment: transparent white pigment

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