Difference between revisions of "Balsam fir"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | An evergreen coniferous tree, ''Abies balsamea'', native to the northeastern United States and Canada. The fragrant, light yellowish brown balsam fir timber has a coarse but even grain. The wood is brittle and not very durable. It is used for packing boxes and paper pulp. Balsam fir produce a viscous oleoresin called [ | + | An evergreen coniferous tree, ''Abies balsamea'', native to the northeastern United States and Canada. The fragrant, light yellowish brown balsam fir timber has a coarse but even grain. The wood is brittle and not very durable. It is used for packing boxes and paper pulp. Balsam fir produce a viscous oleoresin called [[Canada balsam]]. |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
| − | + | ''Abies balsamea''; bálsamo de abeto (Esp.); fir balsam; pine fir; balm of Gilead fir " | |
| − | [[File:30_Balsam Fir_100x_Rad.jpg|thumb|Balsam fir | + | [[File:30_Balsam Fir_100x_Rad.jpg|thumb|Balsam fir (''Abies balsamea'')]] |
| − | + | ==Physical and Chemical Properties== | |
| − | (''Abies balsamea'')]] | + | Paper fiber type: Softwood. Using transmitted light microscopy, fibers are identified by large taxodiod ray parenchyma pits. Pits are frequently 2-3 across in horizontal rows. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: varies with pulping and bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: length 3.5mm; width 30-40μm. Common pulping method: [[sulfite process|sulfite]] or [[kraft process|kraft]]. |
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== Additional Images == | == Additional Images == | ||
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<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
File:30_Balsam Fir_100x_Tan.jpg|Balsam fir (''Abies balsamea'') | File:30_Balsam Fir_100x_Tan.jpg|Balsam fir (''Abies balsamea'') | ||
| − | File: | + | File:30_Balsam_fir_100x_Tran.jpg|Balsam fir (''Abies balsamea'') |
| + | File:Baldcypress 40x 5.jpg|Balsam fir paper pulp | ||
| + | File:Balsam fir 10x.jpg|Balsam fir paper pulp | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| + | == Resources and Citations == | ||
| + | * Alden Identification Services, Microscopic Wood Identification: [https://wood-identification.com/wood-types/ Link] | ||
| − | + | * H. A. Alden, A.C. Wiedenhoeft, "Qualified Determination of Provenance of Wood of the Firs (Abies spp. Mill) Using Microscopic Features of Rays: An Aid to Conservators, Curators and Art Historians" AIC Poster, reprinted online at [http://www.si.edu/scmre/abies.html http://www.si.edu/scmre/abies.html] | |
| − | * | + | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 83 |
* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996 | * ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996 | ||
| − | * | + | * Kurt Wehlte, ''The Materials and Techniques of Painting'', Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975 |
| + | * Marja-Sisko Ilvessalo-Pfäffli. ''Fiber Atlas: Identification of Papermaking Fibers'' (Springer Series in Wood Science). Springer, 1995. | ||
| + | * Walter Rantanen. "Fiber ID Course." Integrated Paper Services. June 2013. Lecture. | ||
[[Category:Materials database]] | [[Category:Materials database]] | ||
Latest revision as of 07:24, 2 May 2022
Description
An evergreen coniferous tree, Abies balsamea, native to the northeastern United States and Canada. The fragrant, light yellowish brown balsam fir timber has a coarse but even grain. The wood is brittle and not very durable. It is used for packing boxes and paper pulp. Balsam fir produce a viscous oleoresin called Canada balsam.
Synonyms and Related Terms
Abies balsamea; bálsamo de abeto (Esp.); fir balsam; pine fir; balm of Gilead fir "
Physical and Chemical Properties
Paper fiber type: Softwood. Using transmitted light microscopy, fibers are identified by large taxodiod ray parenchyma pits. Pits are frequently 2-3 across in horizontal rows. Appearance with Graff "C" stain: varies with pulping and bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: length 3.5mm; width 30-40μm. Common pulping method: sulfite or kraft.
Additional Images
- 30 Balsam Fir 100x Tan.jpg
Balsam fir (Abies balsamea)
- 30 Balsam fir 100x Tran.jpg
Balsam fir (Abies balsamea)
Balsam fir paper pulp
Balsam fir paper pulp
Resources and Citations
- Alden Identification Services, Microscopic Wood Identification: Link
- H. A. Alden, A.C. Wiedenhoeft, "Qualified Determination of Provenance of Wood of the Firs (Abies spp. Mill) Using Microscopic Features of Rays: An Aid to Conservators, Curators and Art Historians" AIC Poster, reprinted online at http://www.si.edu/scmre/abies.html
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 83
- Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
- Kurt Wehlte, The Materials and Techniques of Painting, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975
- Marja-Sisko Ilvessalo-Pfäffli. Fiber Atlas: Identification of Papermaking Fibers (Springer Series in Wood Science). Springer, 1995.
- Walter Rantanen. "Fiber ID Course." Integrated Paper Services. June 2013. Lecture.