Difference between revisions of "Manila copal"

From CAMEO
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(username removed)
 
 
(4 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
[[File:17-29_Manila.Copal_glass.jpg|thumb|Manila copal]]
+
[[File:17-29_Manila.Copal_glass.jpg|thumb|Manila copal on glass (Visible light on left, UV light on right)]]
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
  
−
A soft variety of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=copal copal] resin obtained from the ''Agathis dammara'' trees native to the Philippines and Indonesia. Manila copal is a [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=diterpene diterpenoid] resin composed primarily of polycommunic acid. Copals were used in the 18th and 19th centuries for [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=varnish varnishes] and resin/oil media. Manila copals were also used in many [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=fixative fixative] recipes.
+
A soft variety of [[copal|copal]] resin obtained from the ''Agathis dammara'' trees native to the Philippines and Indonesia. Manila copal is a [[diterpene|diterpenoid]] resin composed primarily of polycommunic acid. Copals were used in the 18th and 19th centuries for [[varnish|varnishes]] and resin/oil media. Manila copals were also used in many [[fixative|fixative]] recipes.
  
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Line 8: Line 8:
 
''Agathis dammara''; manilla copal (Br.); copal de Manila (Esp.); copale di Manila (It); Manila resin; manilla
 
''Agathis dammara''; manilla copal (Br.); copal de Manila (Esp.); copale di Manila (It); Manila resin; manilla
  
−
== Other Properties ==
+
== Risks ==
  
−
Soluble in ether, methanol, and ethanol. Partially soluble in amyl alcohol.  Insoluble in water.  Most copals fluoresce white in short-wave UV light.  Saponification number = 178    Acid number = 128.
+
* Combustible, burning with a bright flame, dense smoke and strong smell.
  
−
{| class="wikitable"
+
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
−
|-
 
−
! scope="row"| Melting Point
 
−
| 230-250
 
−
|-
 
−
! scope="row"| Density
 
−
| 1.062
 
−
|-
 
−
! scope="row"| Refractive Index
 
−
| 1.544
 
−
|}
 
  
−
== Hazards and Safety ==
+
* Soluble in ether, methanol, and ethanol. Partially soluble in amyl alcohol.  Insoluble in water. 
 +
* Most copals fluoresce white in short-wave UV light. 
 +
* Saponification number = 178   
 +
* Acid number = 128.
 +
* Melting Point = 230-250 C
 +
* Density = 1.062 g/ml
 +
* Refractive Index = 1.544
  
−
Combustible, burning with a bright flame, dense smoke and strong smell.
+
==Resources and Citations==
  
−
== Additional Information ==
+
* K.van den Berg, J.van der Horst, J.Boon, "Recognition of Copals in Aged Resin/oil Paints and Varnishes" in ICOM Preprints, Lyon, 1999. p.855-861.
  
−
K.van den Berg, J.van der Horst, J.Boon, "Recognition of Copals in Aged Resin/oil Paints and Varnishes" in ICOM Preprints, Lyon, 1999. p.855-861.
+
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966
  
−
== Authority ==
+
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 227; synonym Boea copal
  
−
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966
+
* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
  
−
* G.S.Brady, G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 227; synonym Boea copal
+
* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  
−
* Ralph Mayer, Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
+
* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "Copal." Accessed 14 Apr. 2004.
  
−
* Richard S. Lewis, Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
+
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
  
−
* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "Copal." Encyclopdia Britannica. 2004.  Encyclopdia Britannica Premium Service.  14 Apr. 2004  .
+
* "Copal: An Immature and Controversial Resin" at www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/copal.htm
−
 
 
−
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
 
−
 
 
−
* Website address 1, Website address 1  Comment: "Copal: An Immature and Controversial Resin" at www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/copal.htm
 
  
  
  
 
[[Category:Materials database]]
 
[[Category:Materials database]]

Latest revision as of 08:38, 17 October 2022

Manila copal on glass (Visible light on left, UV light on right)

Description

A soft variety of Copal resin obtained from the Agathis dammara trees native to the Philippines and Indonesia. Manila copal is a diterpenoid resin composed primarily of polycommunic acid. Copals were used in the 18th and 19th centuries for varnishes and resin/oil media. Manila copals were also used in many Fixative recipes.

Synonyms and Related Terms

Agathis dammara; manilla copal (Br.); copal de Manila (Esp.); copale di Manila (It); Manila resin; manilla

Risks

  • Combustible, burning with a bright flame, dense smoke and strong smell.

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Soluble in ether, methanol, and ethanol. Partially soluble in amyl alcohol. Insoluble in water.
  • Most copals fluoresce white in short-wave UV light.
  • Saponification number = 178
  • Acid number = 128.
  • Melting Point = 230-250 C
  • Density = 1.062 g/ml
  • Refractive Index = 1.544

Resources and Citations

  • K.van den Berg, J.van der Horst, J.Boon, "Recognition of Copals in Aged Resin/oil Paints and Varnishes" in ICOM Preprints, Lyon, 1999. p.855-861.
  • R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
  • G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 227; synonym Boea copal
  • Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • "Copal: An Immature and Controversial Resin" at www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/copal.htm

Retrieved from "https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Manila_copal&oldid=93946"