Difference between revisions of "Tellurium"

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== Description ==
 
== Description ==
  
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A nonmetallic element that is similar to [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=selenium selenium]. Tellurium was first identified in 1782 by Franz von Reichenstein, but it was later isolated and named by Martin Klaproth in 1798.  Tellurium has an estimated abundance in the earth's crust of 0.002 ppm. Tellurium usually occurs as telluride in gold, silver, copper, lead and nickel ores. It is mined in Colorado, California, Ontario, Mexico and Germany. Tellurium is a silvery-white solid. It is used as a colorant in glass and ceramic glazes and to make a black finish on [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silver silver]. Small amounts improve the machinability of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=steel steels] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=copper copper] alloys. Tellurium is also used in solar cells, infrared detectors, and thermoelectric generators.
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A nonmetallic element that is similar to [[selenium|selenium]]. Tellurium was first identified in 1782 by Franz von Reichenstein, but it was later isolated and named by Martin Klaproth in 1798.  Tellurium has an estimated abundance in the earth's crust of 0.002 ppm. Tellurium usually occurs as telluride in gold, silver, copper, lead and nickel ores. It is mined in Colorado, California, Ontario, Mexico and Germany. Tellurium is a silvery-white solid. It is used as a colorant in glass and ceramic glazes and to make a black finish on [[silver|silver]]. Small amounts improve the machinability of [[steel|steels]] and [[copper|copper]] alloys. Tellurium is also used in solar cells, infrared detectors, and thermoelectric generators.
  
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
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Te; klaproth; aurum paradoxum; metallum problematum; Telluur (Ned.); tellure (Fr.); Tellur (Deut., Sven., Pol.); tellurio (It.); Telúrio (Port.); teluro (Esp.); telurio (Esp.)
 
Te; klaproth; aurum paradoxum; metallum problematum; Telluur (Ned.); tellure (Fr.); Tellur (Deut., Sven., Pol.); tellurio (It.); Telúrio (Port.); teluro (Esp.); telurio (Esp.)
  
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== Other Properties ==
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== Risks ==
  
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Soluble in sulfuric acid, nitric acid, potassium hydroxide, and potassium cyanide solutions.  Insoluble in water, benzene, carbon disulfide.  
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* Flammable. 
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* Potentially teratogenic. 
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* Toxic by inhalation of dust or fumes. 
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* Tellurium compounds can be absorbed through the skin and are toxic.   
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* ThermoFisher: [https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AC315991000&productDescription=TELLURIUM+POWDER+-200M+100G&vendorId=VN00032119&countryCode=US&language=en SDS]
  
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Flame color is deep green.
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== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
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* Soluble in sulfuric acid, nitric acid, potassium hydroxide, and potassium cyanide solutions.  Insoluble in water, benzene, carbon disulfide. 
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* Flame color is deep green.
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Melting Point
 
! scope="row"| Melting Point
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| 449.8
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| 449.8 C
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Density
 
! scope="row"| Density
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| 6.24
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| 6.24 g/ml
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
 
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
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|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Boiling Point
 
! scope="row"| Boiling Point
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| 989.9
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| 989.9 C
 
|}
 
|}
  
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== Hazards and Safety ==
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==Resources and Citations==
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Flammable.  Potentially teratogenic.  Toxic by inhalation of dust or fumes. 
 
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Tellurium compounds can be absorbed through the skin and are toxic. 
 
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LINK: [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0986.html International Chemical Safety Card]
 
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== Additional Information ==
 
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Web Elements: [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Te/key.html Website]
 
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== Authority ==
 
  
 
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 803
 
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 803
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* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: entry 9273
 
* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: entry 9273
  
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* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "tellurium" Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. [Accessed 28 Sept. 2005]. - date of discovery 1782
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* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "tellurium" [Accessed 28 Sept. 2005]. - date of discovery 1782
  
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* Website address 1  Comment: Web Elements: www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Te/key.html -date of discovery 1783
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* Web Elements: www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Te/key.html -date of discovery 1783
  
 
* ''Chemical & Engineering News'', American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 81 (36) , Sept. 8, 2003  Comment: Donald C. Dittner, p. 128 - date of discovery 1782
 
* ''Chemical & Engineering News'', American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 81 (36) , Sept. 8, 2003  Comment: Donald C. Dittner, p. 128 - date of discovery 1782
  
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* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com  Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellurium (Accessed Sept. 28, 2005) - date of discovery 1782
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* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellurium (Accessed Sept. 28, 2005) - date of discovery 1782
  
 
* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
 
* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976

Latest revision as of 08:14, 8 June 2022

Description

A nonmetallic element that is similar to Selenium. Tellurium was first identified in 1782 by Franz von Reichenstein, but it was later isolated and named by Martin Klaproth in 1798. Tellurium has an estimated abundance in the earth's crust of 0.002 ppm. Tellurium usually occurs as telluride in gold, silver, copper, lead and nickel ores. It is mined in Colorado, California, Ontario, Mexico and Germany. Tellurium is a silvery-white solid. It is used as a colorant in glass and ceramic glazes and to make a black finish on Silver. Small amounts improve the machinability of steels and Copper alloys. Tellurium is also used in solar cells, infrared detectors, and thermoelectric generators.

Synonyms and Related Terms

Te; klaproth; aurum paradoxum; metallum problematum; Telluur (Ned.); tellure (Fr.); Tellur (Deut., Sven., Pol.); tellurio (It.); Telúrio (Port.); teluro (Esp.); telurio (Esp.)

Risks

  • Flammable.
  • Potentially teratogenic.
  • Toxic by inhalation of dust or fumes.
  • Tellurium compounds can be absorbed through the skin and are toxic.
  • ThermoFisher: SDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Soluble in sulfuric acid, nitric acid, potassium hydroxide, and potassium cyanide solutions. Insoluble in water, benzene, carbon disulfide.
  • Flame color is deep green.
Composition Te (atomic no. 52)
CAS 13494-80-9
Mohs Hardness 2.0 - 3.0
Melting Point 449.8 C
Density 6.24 g/ml
Molecular Weight atomic wt = 127.60
Boiling Point 989.9 C

Resources and Citations

  • G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 803
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 9273
  • Web Elements: www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Te/key.html -date of discovery 1783
  • Chemical & Engineering News, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 81 (36) , Sept. 8, 2003 Comment: Donald C. Dittner, p. 128 - date of discovery 1782
  • Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
  • Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
  • The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998

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