Difference between revisions of "Feldspar"
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| − | [[File: | + | [[File:20.268-SC39857.jpg|thumb|Microcline pendant<br>MFA# 20.268]] |
| + | [[File:Potashfeldsparemr1.jpg|thumb|Orthoclase (potassium feldspar)]] | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
A large group of aluminum silicate minerals that compose at least 60% of the earth's crust. Feldspars are divided into three primary groups: | A large group of aluminum silicate minerals that compose at least 60% of the earth's crust. Feldspars are divided into three primary groups: | ||
| − | 1) potassium aluminum silicates - [ | + | 1) potassium aluminum silicates - [[orthoclase]], [[microcline]] |
| − | 2) sodium aluminum silicates- [ | + | 2) sodium aluminum silicates- [[albite]], [[anorthoclase]] |
| − | 3) calcium aluminum silicates - [ | + | 3) calcium aluminum silicates - [[anorthite]] |
| − | [ | + | [Plagioclase]] feldspars contain sodium and calcium aluminum silicates while [[feldspathoid|feldspathoids]] contain potassium and sodium aluminum silicates. A few of the feldspars are found as gemstones such as [[moonstone]], [[sunstone]], and [[amazonite|Amazon stone]], but most are found in mineral structures ([[granite]], [[diorite]]). They are used the production of clays (kaolin), ceramics, glass, concrete, and abrasives. Feldspars act as a flux in ceramics, glazes, and glass by lowering the fusing point. |
| − | + | [[File:Feldsparwp2.jpg|thumb|Microcline (potassium feldspar )]] | |
| − | [[File: | ||
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
moonstone; sunstone; Amazone stone; granite; diorite; kaolin; feldspathic rock; feldespato (Esp.); feldspath (Fr.); feldspato (Port.); Feldspat (Deut.); veldspaat (Ned.) | moonstone; sunstone; Amazone stone; granite; diorite; kaolin; feldspathic rock; feldespato (Esp.); feldspath (Fr.); feldspato (Port.); Feldspat (Deut.); veldspaat (Ned.) | ||
| + | == Risks == | ||
| + | |||
| + | * No significant hazards from ingestion or skin contact. | ||
| + | * Inhalation may cause silicosis if stone contains free silica. | ||
| − | == | + | == Physical and Chemical Properties == |
Low birefringence. | Low birefringence. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Melting Point | ! scope="row"| Melting Point | ||
| − | | 1250-1450 | + | | 1250-1450 C |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Density | ! scope="row"| Density | ||
| − | | 2.55-2.75 | + | | 2.55-2.75 g/ml |
|} | |} | ||
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== Comparisons == | == Comparisons == | ||
[[media:download_file_411.pdf|Properties of Common Gemstones]] | [[media:download_file_411.pdf|Properties of Common Gemstones]] | ||
| − | + | [[File:Plagioclasefeldsparemr1.jpg|thumb|Plagioclase (calcium and sodium feldspar)]] | |
| − | + | == Resources and Citations == | |
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| − | File:Plagioclasefeldsparemr1.jpg|Plagioclase (calcium and sodium feldspar) | ||
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| − | == | ||
* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) | * Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) | ||
Latest revision as of 11:01, 7 August 2022
Description
A large group of aluminum silicate minerals that compose at least 60% of the earth's crust. Feldspars are divided into three primary groups:
1) potassium aluminum silicates - Orthoclase, Microcline
2) sodium aluminum silicates- Albite, Anorthoclase
3) calcium aluminum silicates - Anorthite
[Plagioclase]] feldspars contain sodium and calcium aluminum silicates while feldspathoids contain potassium and sodium aluminum silicates. A few of the feldspars are found as gemstones such as Moonstone, Sunstone, and Amazon stone, but most are found in mineral structures (Granite, Diorite). They are used the production of clays (kaolin), ceramics, glass, concrete, and abrasives. Feldspars act as a flux in ceramics, glazes, and glass by lowering the fusing point.
Synonyms and Related Terms
moonstone; sunstone; Amazone stone; granite; diorite; kaolin; feldspathic rock; feldespato (Esp.); feldspath (Fr.); feldspato (Port.); Feldspat (Deut.); veldspaat (Ned.)
Risks
- No significant hazards from ingestion or skin contact.
- Inhalation may cause silicosis if stone contains free silica.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Low birefringence.
| Mohs Hardness | 6.0 - 6.5 |
|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1250-1450 C |
| Density | 2.55-2.75 g/ml |
Comparisons
Properties of Common Gemstones
Resources and Citations
- Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
- Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, The Particle Atlas, W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972
- Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
- Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
- Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
- CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=2.55-2.75