Difference between revisions of "Polyvinyl acetate"

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[[File:1983.416-SC3200.jpg|thumb|]]
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[[File:1983.416-SC3200.jpg|thumb|Diamond Totem<br>MFA# 1983.416]]
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[[File:PVAC lamp 20094954.jpg|thumb|PVAC bubble lamp<br> MFA# 2009.4954]]
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
  
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A colorless, nontoxic thermoplastic resin prepared by the polymerization of vinyl acetate. Polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) was discovered in 1912 by Dr. Fritz Klatte in Germany. It is one of the most widely used water-dispersed resins. Polyvinyl acetate water-based emulsions have been used as latex house paints, artists' media (since 1945), and common household white glues. Setting is accomplished by the removal of water due to evaporation or absorption into a substrate. PVAC resins produce clear, hard films that have good weather resistance and withstand water, grease, oil, and petroleum fuels. Additional properties are high initial tack, almost invisible bond line, softening at 30-45C, good biodegradation resistance, poor resistance to creep under load, and low cost. Polyvinyl acetate resins and copolymers are also used as hot-melt adhesives, sealants, fabric finishing, plastic wood, and inks.
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A white, nontoxic thermoplastic resin prepared by the polymerization of vinyl acetate<ref>https://www.britannica.com/science/polyvinyl-acetate</ref>. Polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) was discovered in 1912 by Dr. Fritz Klatte in Germany. It is one of the most widely used water-dispersed resins. Polyvinyl acetate water-based emulsions is often  applied as a liquid that hardens to a solid when the water evaporates. PVAC resins produce clear, hard films that have good weather resistance and withstand water, grease, oil, and petroleum fuels. Additional properties are high initial tack, almost invisible bond line, softening at 30-45C, good biodegradation resistance, poor resistance to creep under load, and low cost.  
  
 
[[File:pva.jpg|thumb|Polyvinyl acetate solution]]
 
[[File:pva.jpg|thumb|Polyvinyl acetate solution]]
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== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|MFA- Polyvinyl acetate.jpg~FTIR]]]
 
PVAC; PVAc; PVA (incorrect but commonly used); poly(vinyl acetate); polyvinylacetate; poli(acetato de vinilo) (Esp.); acétate de polyvinyle (Fr.); polivinil acetato (It.); poliacetato de vinilo (Port.); vinyl emulsion; vinyl acetate plastic  
 
PVAC; PVAc; PVA (incorrect but commonly used); poly(vinyl acetate); polyvinylacetate; poli(acetato de vinilo) (Esp.); acétate de polyvinyle (Fr.); polivinil acetato (It.); poliacetato de vinilo (Port.); vinyl emulsion; vinyl acetate plastic  
  
 
Examples: Vinamul [Vinyl Products]; AYAT [Union Carbide]; Elmers® Glue-All [Borden]; Duratite White Glue [DAP]; Gelva® [Solutia]; Rivit Glue; Resin W; Polymer Tempera [Borden]; Vinavyl; Everflex BG [W.R.Grace & Co.]; Polyco [DAP]; Vinnapas [Wacker]; Mowilith [Hoechst]; polyvinylacetat (Deut.)
 
Examples: Vinamul [Vinyl Products]; AYAT [Union Carbide]; Elmers® Glue-All [Borden]; Duratite White Glue [DAP]; Gelva® [Solutia]; Rivit Glue; Resin W; Polymer Tempera [Borden]; Vinavyl; Everflex BG [W.R.Grace & Co.]; Polyco [DAP]; Vinnapas [Wacker]; Mowilith [Hoechst]; polyvinylacetat (Deut.)
  
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|MFA- Polyvinyl acetate.jpg~FTIR]]]
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== Applications ==
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* Latex house paints
 +
* Artists' media (since 1945)
 +
* Common household water-based white glues
 +
* Hot-melt adhesives, sealants, fabric finishing, plastic wood, and inks.
  
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== Other Properties ==
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== Personal Risks ==
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The polymer is generally safe for handling.  The pH of aqueous emulsions is usually acidic.  The vinyl acetate monomer is flammable and reactive and is on the Special Health Hazardous Substance List<ref>https://www.nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/1998.pdf</ref>.
  
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Soluble in benzene, chloroform, methanol, acetone, butyl acetate.  
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Fisher Scientific: [https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/97152.htm MSDS]
  
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Insoluble in ligroin, diethyl ether, butanol, turpentine, water, oils. 
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== Collection Risks ==
  
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Can absorb 3-5% water when immersed for 16 hours at 60 C.
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May release [[acetic%20acid|acetic acid]] on curing, aging and deterioration. Susceptible to hydrolysis which can increase the amount of acid released as well as interfere with the adhesive function of the material. The amounts of acid released are variable and depend on the formulation.
  
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Burns with a dark yellow flame that smells of acetic acid.
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==Environmental Risks==
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The monomer is flammable but the polymer is generally considered stable.
  
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{| class="wikitable"
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== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
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|-
 
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! scope="row"| Composition
 
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| [-CH2CH(OOCCH3)-]n
 
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|-
 
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! scope="row"| CAS
 
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| 9003-20-7
 
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|-
 
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! scope="row"| Melting Point
 
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| Tg = 30-45
 
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|-
 
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! scope="row"| Density
 
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| 1.17-1.20
 
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|-
 
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! scope="row"| Refractive Index
 
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| 1.46-1.47
 
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|}
 
  
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== Hazards and Safety ==
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* Soluble in benzene, chloroform, methanol, acetone, butyl acetate. 
 +
* Insoluble in ligroin, diethyl ether, butanol, turpentine, water, oils. 
 +
* Can absorb 3-5% water when immersed for 16 hours at 60 C. 
 +
* Burns with a dark yellow flame that smells of acetic acid.
 +
* Composition : [-CH2CH(OOCCH3)-]n
 +
* CAS : 9003-20-7
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* Melting Point (Tg) = 30-45
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* Density = 1.17-1.20
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* Refractive Index = 1.46-1.47
  
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Combustible. pH of emulsions is usually acidic. PVAC resins release small amounts of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=acetic%20acid acetic acid] on curing and aging. 
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==Working Properties==
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Fisher Scientific: [https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/97152.htm MSDS]
 
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== Additional Information ==
 
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A.E.Corey, P.M.Draghetti, J.Fantl, "Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsions and Polyvinyl Alcohol for Adhesives" in ''Handbook of Adhesives'', I.Skeist (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1977, p.465-483.
 
  
 
== Comparisons ==
 
== Comparisons ==
  
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[[media:download_file_386.pdf|General Characteristics of Polymers]]
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[[media:download_file_362.pdf|General Characteristics of Polymers]]
  
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[[media:download_file_387.pdf|Physical Properties for Selected Thermoplastic Resins]]
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[[media:download_file_363.pdf|Physical Properties for Selected Thermoplastic Resins]]
  
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== Resources and Citations ==
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<references/>
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* Contributions: Catherine Stephens, AIC Plastics Panel, 2020.
  
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* A.E.Corey, P.M.Draghetti, J.Fantl, "Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsions and Polyvinyl Alcohol for Adhesives" in ''Handbook of Adhesives'', I.Skeist (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1977, p.465-483.
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== Authority ==
 
  
 
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966
 
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966
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* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 849
 
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 849
  
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* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com  Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_acetate (Accessed Jan.6 2006)
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* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_acetate (Accessed Jan.6 2006)
  
 
* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
 
* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Line 76: Line 72:
  
 
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
 
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
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* Jo Crook, Tom Learner, ''Modern Paints'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 2000
 
  
 
* Jo Crook, Tom Learner, ''Modern Paints'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 2000  Comment: First paint marketed in 1945 - Polymer Tempera by Borden
 
* Jo Crook, Tom Learner, ''Modern Paints'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 2000  Comment: First paint marketed in 1945 - Polymer Tempera by Borden
Line 87: Line 81:
 
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
 
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
  
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* Website address 1  Comment: www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html .. vinyl acetate was discovered in Germany by Dr. Fritz Klatte in 1912 with patents for its preparation
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* History of Plastics: www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html .. vinyl acetate was discovered in Germany by Dr. Fritz Klatte in 1912 with patents for its preparation
  
  
  
 
[[Category:Materials database]]
 
[[Category:Materials database]]

Latest revision as of 08:00, 13 August 2020

Diamond Totem
MFA# 1983.416
PVAC bubble lamp
MFA# 2009.4954

Description

A white, nontoxic thermoplastic resin prepared by the polymerization of vinyl acetate[1]. Polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) was discovered in 1912 by Dr. Fritz Klatte in Germany. It is one of the most widely used water-dispersed resins. Polyvinyl acetate water-based emulsions is often applied as a liquid that hardens to a solid when the water evaporates. PVAC resins produce clear, hard films that have good weather resistance and withstand water, grease, oil, and petroleum fuels. Additional properties are high initial tack, almost invisible bond line, softening at 30-45C, good biodegradation resistance, poor resistance to creep under load, and low cost.

Polyvinyl acetate solution

Synonyms and Related Terms

FTIR

MFA- Polyvinyl acetate.jpg

PVAC; PVAc; PVA (incorrect but commonly used); poly(vinyl acetate); polyvinylacetate; poli(acetato de vinilo) (Esp.); acétate de polyvinyle (Fr.); polivinil acetato (It.); poliacetato de vinilo (Port.); vinyl emulsion; vinyl acetate plastic

Examples: Vinamul [Vinyl Products]; AYAT [Union Carbide]; Elmers® Glue-All [Borden]; Duratite White Glue [DAP]; Gelva® [Solutia]; Rivit Glue; Resin W; Polymer Tempera [Borden]; Vinavyl; Everflex BG [W.R.Grace & Co.]; Polyco [DAP]; Vinnapas [Wacker]; Mowilith [Hoechst]; polyvinylacetat (Deut.)

Applications

  • Latex house paints
  • Artists' media (since 1945)
  • Common household water-based white glues
  • Hot-melt adhesives, sealants, fabric finishing, plastic wood, and inks.

Personal Risks

The polymer is generally safe for handling. The pH of aqueous emulsions is usually acidic. The vinyl acetate monomer is flammable and reactive and is on the Special Health Hazardous Substance List[2].

Fisher Scientific: MSDS

Collection Risks

May release Acetic acid on curing, aging and deterioration. Susceptible to hydrolysis which can increase the amount of acid released as well as interfere with the adhesive function of the material. The amounts of acid released are variable and depend on the formulation.

Environmental Risks

The monomer is flammable but the polymer is generally considered stable.

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Soluble in benzene, chloroform, methanol, acetone, butyl acetate.
  • Insoluble in ligroin, diethyl ether, butanol, turpentine, water, oils.
  • Can absorb 3-5% water when immersed for 16 hours at 60 C.
  • Burns with a dark yellow flame that smells of acetic acid.
  • Composition : [-CH2CH(OOCCH3)-]n
  • CAS : 9003-20-7
  • Melting Point (Tg) = 30-45
  • Density = 1.17-1.20
  • Refractive Index = 1.46-1.47

Working Properties

Comparisons

General Characteristics of Polymers

Physical Properties for Selected Thermoplastic Resins

Resources and Citations

  1. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/science/polyvinyl-acetate
  2. ↑ https://www.nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/1998.pdf
  • Contributions: Catherine Stephens, AIC Plastics Panel, 2020.
  • A.E.Corey, P.M.Draghetti, J.Fantl, "Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsions and Polyvinyl Alcohol for Adhesives" in Handbook of Adhesives, I.Skeist (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1977, p.465-483.
  • R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
  • G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 849
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
  • Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
  • Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
  • The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
  • Jo Crook, Tom Learner, Modern Paints, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 2000 Comment: First paint marketed in 1945 - Polymer Tempera by Borden
  • Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
  • Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
  • History of Plastics: www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html .. vinyl acetate was discovered in Germany by Dr. Fritz Klatte in 1912 with patents for its preparation

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