Difference between revisions of "Chloroform"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | A volatile liquid with a characteristic odor. Chloroform was synthesized in 1831 by Liebig and Soubeiran. It was first used as a general anesthetic in 1847 by Sir James Simpson, a physician in Edinburgh. Chloroform is a good [[solvent]] for [[fat|fats]], [[oil|oils]], [[rubber | + | A volatile liquid with a characteristic odor. Chloroform was synthesized in 1831 by Liebig and Soubeiran. It was first used as a general anesthetic in 1847 by Sir James Simpson, a physician in Edinburgh. Chloroform is a good [[solvent]] for [[fat|fats]], [[oil|oils]], [[rubber|rubber]], [[wax|waxes]], and [[natural resin|resins]]. It has been used as a cleaning fluid, refrigerant, degreaser, [[insecticide]], and [[fumigant]]. |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
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trichloromethane; trichlormethane (sp); methane trichloride; formyl chloride | trichloromethane; trichlormethane (sp); methane trichloride; formyl chloride | ||
| − | + | == Risks == | |
| − | == | + | * Carcinogen. |
| + | * Toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. | ||
| + | * Nonflammable. | ||
| + | * Chloroform can decompose when exposed to heat, moisture and UV light forming highly toxic fumes (phosgene, chlorine gas and hydrogen chloride). | ||
| + | * Reacts violently with bases, oxidants and some metals (e.g.,aluminium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium), causing fire and explosion hazard. Attacks plastic, rubber and coatings. | ||
| + | * ThermoFisher: [https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AC610281000&productDescription=CHLOROFORM+ANHYD&vendorId=VN00033901&countryCode=US&language=enttp://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0027.html SDS] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Physical and Chemical Properties== | ||
Miscible in ethanol, ether, benzene, carbon disulfide. Slightly soluble in water. | Miscible in ethanol, ether, benzene, carbon disulfide. Slightly soluble in water. | ||
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! scope="row"| Melting Point | ! scope="row"| Melting Point | ||
| − | | -63.5 | + | | -63.5 C |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Density | ! scope="row"| Density | ||
| − | | 1.485 | + | | 1.485 g/ml |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight | ! scope="row"| Molecular Weight | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Boiling Point | ! scope="row"| Boiling Point | ||
| − | | 61.2 | + | | 61.2 C |
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== Comparisons == | == Comparisons == | ||
| − | [[media: | + | [[media:download_file_114.pdf|Properties of Common Solvents]] |
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| − | == | + | == Resources and Citations == |
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 | * R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 | ||
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* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | ||
| − | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Chloroform." | + | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Chloroform." Accessed 7 July 2004 . |
* ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: ref. index= 1.444 | * ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: ref. index= 1.444 | ||
Latest revision as of 12:31, 29 May 2022
Description
A volatile liquid with a characteristic odor. Chloroform was synthesized in 1831 by Liebig and Soubeiran. It was first used as a general anesthetic in 1847 by Sir James Simpson, a physician in Edinburgh. Chloroform is a good Solvent for fats, oils, Rubber, waxes, and resins. It has been used as a cleaning fluid, refrigerant, degreaser, Insecticide, and Fumigant.
Synonyms and Related Terms
trichloromethane; trichlormethane (sp); methane trichloride; formyl chloride
Risks
- Carcinogen.
- Toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption.
- Nonflammable.
- Chloroform can decompose when exposed to heat, moisture and UV light forming highly toxic fumes (phosgene, chlorine gas and hydrogen chloride).
- Reacts violently with bases, oxidants and some metals (e.g.,aluminium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium), causing fire and explosion hazard. Attacks plastic, rubber and coatings.
- ThermoFisher: SDS
Physical and Chemical Properties
Miscible in ethanol, ether, benzene, carbon disulfide. Slightly soluble in water.
| Composition | CHCl3 |
|---|---|
| CAS | 67-66-3 |
| Melting Point | -63.5 C |
| Density | 1.485 g/ml |
| Molecular Weight | mol. wt. = 119.4 |
| Refractive Index | 1.4422 |
| Boiling Point | 61.2 C |
Comparisons
Resources and Citations
- R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 186
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 Comment: bp=61.2C, mp=-63.5C
- Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
- The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 2193; bp=61-62C, mp=-63.5C; ref. index= 1.4422
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Chloroform." Accessed 7 July 2004 .
- CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: ref. index= 1.444