Difference between revisions of "Kapok"

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[[File:KapoktreeKES.jpg|thumb|Kapok tree]]
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[[File:Silk Cotton Tree MFA.jpg|thumb|Silk Cotton tree<br>MFA# 2013.5319]]
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[[File:Kapok_tree_det.jpg|thumb|Silk cotton tree (''Ceiba pentandra'')]]
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
  
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Short, lightweight [[Cellulose|cellulosic]] fibers obtained from the seeds of the silk cotton tree, ''Ceiba pentandra'', primarily grown in Java, Africa, Brazil, India, and Central America. Kapok is composed of 43% [[alpha cellulose]], 24% pentose, 15% [[lignin]], and 6.6% uronic anhydride. The soft fibers have a smooth surface and are transparent. Kapok is buoyant and will support up to 30 times its own weight. The fluffy fibers are too brittle to spin and are used for filling mattresses, upholstery, and life jackets.  
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Short, lightweight [[Cellulose|cellulosic]] fibers obtained from the seeds of the silk cotton tree, ''Ceiba pentandra'', primarily native to the tropical Americas and grown commercially in south-east Asia. Kapok is composed of 43% [[alpha cellulose]], 24% pentose, 15% [[lignin]], and 6.6% uronic anhydride. The soft fibers have a smooth surface and are transparent. Kapok is buoyant and will support up to 30 times its own weight. The fluffy fibers are too brittle to spin and are used for filling mattresses, upholstery, and life jackets.  
  
 
See also [[bombax]] and [[Indian kapok]].
 
See also [[bombax]] and [[Indian kapok]].
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[[File:Kapok.bark_HI.BG.jpg|thumb|Kapok tree, bark ''Ceiba pentandra'']]
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[[File:Kapok_tree_det.jpg|thumb|Silk cotton tree
 
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(''Ceiba pentandra'')]]
 
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== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
  
 
silk cotton tree (''Ceiba pentandra''); ceiba; samauma; Illiani silk; Java cotton; vegetable down; Java kapok; simal; balsam fiber; pochote; red silk cotton; Kapokbaum (Deut.); kapok (Fr.,Esp., Ned.)
 
silk cotton tree (''Ceiba pentandra''); ceiba; samauma; Illiani silk; Java cotton; vegetable down; Java kapok; simal; balsam fiber; pochote; red silk cotton; Kapokbaum (Deut.); kapok (Fr.,Esp., Ned.)
  
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Kapokfiberkj1.jpg~FTIR|kapok1000am.jpg~SEM|kapok1000bm.jpg~SEM]]]
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Kapok fiber, from K Jakes, OSU, April 2005.TIF~FTIR|kapok1000am.jpg~SEM|kapok1000bm.jpg~SEM]]]
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== Risks ==
  
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== Other Properties ==
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Combustible.
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== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
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Fiber length = 20 - 32 mm (0.75-1.25 inches);  Diameter = 20 micrometers; Cross section is oval or circular.
 
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Paper fiber type: Non-woody/bast. Using transmitted light microscopy, fibers are short and narrow with thick walls. Dislocations are present but faint. The ends of fibers can be spoon-shaped with widened lumen. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: Orange-red, but greys with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: length, 2mm, width 20μm. Common pulping method: [[soda process|soda]].
 
  
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== Hazards and Safety ==
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* Fiber length = 20 - 32 mm (0.75-1.25 inches); 
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* Diameter = 20 micrometers;
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* Cross section is oval or circular.
  
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Combustible.
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Paper fiber type: Non-woody/bast. Using transmitted light microscopy, fibers appear short and narrow with thick walls. Dislocations are present but faint. The ends of fibers can be spoon-shaped with widened lumen. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: Orange-red, but greys with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: length, 2mm, width 20μm. Common pulping method: [[soda process|soda]].
  
 
== Comparisons ==
 
== Comparisons ==
  
 
[[media:download_file_158.pdf|Properties of Natural Fibers]]
 
[[media:download_file_158.pdf|Properties of Natural Fibers]]
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== Additional Images ==
 
== Additional Images ==
  
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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File:Kapok.bark_HI.BG.jpg|Kapok tree  ''Ceiba pentandra''
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File:Kapok 200X BF.POL.jpg|Kapok fibers at 200x (Left-transmitted light: Right-polarized light)
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File:Kapok 200X BF.POL.jpg|Kapok fibers
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File:Kapok 10x.jpg|Kapok fibers stained with Graff "C" stain at 10x
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File:Kapok 40x.jpg|Kapok fibers stained with Graff "C" stain at 40x
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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== Resources and Citations ==
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== Authority ==
 
  
 
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, ''Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology'' (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
 
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, ''Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology'' (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
  
 
* S.R.Trotman, E.R. Trotman, ''Textile Analysis'', J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1932
 
* S.R.Trotman, E.R. Trotman, ''Textile Analysis'', J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1932
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* Marja-Sisko Ilvessalo-Pfäffli. ''Fiber Atlas: Identification of Papermaking Fibers'' (Springer Series in Wood Science). Springer, 1995.
  
 
* Rosalie Rosso King, ''Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation'', Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
 
* Rosalie Rosso King, ''Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation'', Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
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* Marjory L. Joseph, ''Introductory Textile Science'', Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Fort Worth, TX, 1986
 
* Marjory L. Joseph, ''Introductory Textile Science'', Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Fort Worth, TX, 1986
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* Walter Rantanen. "Fiber ID Course." Integrated Paper Services. June 2013. Lecture.
  
 
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, ''Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them'', American Book Company, New York City, 1937
 
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, ''Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them'', American Book Company, New York City, 1937
  
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* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com  Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapok (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005)
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* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapok (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005)
  
 
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 430
 
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 430
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* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
 
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
  
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* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
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* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
  
  
  
 
[[Category:Materials database]]
 
[[Category:Materials database]]

Latest revision as of 11:41, 15 September 2022

Silk Cotton tree
MFA# 2013.5319
Silk cotton tree (Ceiba pentandra)

Description

Short, lightweight cellulosic fibers obtained from the seeds of the silk cotton tree, Ceiba pentandra, primarily native to the tropical Americas and grown commercially in south-east Asia. Kapok is composed of 43% Alpha cellulose, 24% pentose, 15% Lignin, and 6.6% uronic anhydride. The soft fibers have a smooth surface and are transparent. Kapok is buoyant and will support up to 30 times its own weight. The fluffy fibers are too brittle to spin and are used for filling mattresses, upholstery, and life jackets.

See also Bombax and Indian kapok.

Kapok tree, bark Ceiba pentandra

Synonyms and Related Terms

silk cotton tree (Ceiba pentandra); ceiba; samauma; Illiani silk; Java cotton; vegetable down; Java kapok; simal; balsam fiber; pochote; red silk cotton; Kapokbaum (Deut.); kapok (Fr.,Esp., Ned.)

FTIR

Kapok fiber, from K Jakes, OSU, April 2005.TIF

SEM

Kapok1000am.jpg

SEM

Kapok1000bm.jpg

Risks

Combustible.

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Fiber length = 20 - 32 mm (0.75-1.25 inches);
  • Diameter = 20 micrometers;
  • Cross section is oval or circular.

Paper fiber type: Non-woody/bast. Using transmitted light microscopy, fibers appear short and narrow with thick walls. Dislocations are present but faint. The ends of fibers can be spoon-shaped with widened lumen. Appearance with Graff "C" stain: Orange-red, but greys with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: length, 2mm, width 20μm. Common pulping method: soda.

Comparisons

Properties of Natural Fibers

Additional Images

  • Kapok fibers at 200x (Left-transmitted light: Right-polarized light)

  • Kapok fibers stained with Graff "C" stain at 10x

  • Kapok fibers stained with Graff "C" stain at 40x

Resources and Citations

  • Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
  • S.R.Trotman, E.R. Trotman, Textile Analysis, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1932
  • Marja-Sisko Ilvessalo-Pfäffli. Fiber Atlas: Identification of Papermaking Fibers (Springer Series in Wood Science). Springer, 1995.
  • Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
  • F. H. Titmuss, Commercial Timbers of the World, The Technical Press Ltd., London, 1965
  • Marjory L. Joseph, Introductory Textile Science, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Fort Worth, TX, 1986
  • Walter Rantanen. "Fiber ID Course." Integrated Paper Services. June 2013. Lecture.
  • Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
  • G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 430
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
  • Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
  • The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998

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