Difference between revisions of "Paraffin wax"

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[[File:paraffin wax.jpg|thumb|Paraffin wax]]
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[[File:Paraffinwax.jpg|thumb|Paraffin wax]]
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
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[[File:61-79_Paraffin.Wax_canvas.jpg|thumb|Paraffin Wax on canvas (visible light left; UV light right)]]
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A white, translucent odorless hydrocarbon wax that is chemically inert and odorless. Paraffin was first produced commercially in 1867 as a refined petroleum product composed of a mixture of saturated straight chain hydrocarbons (C22-C36). Production consists of separation by distillation followed by chemical treatment and decolorization. Synthetic paraffin wax made from coal products was introduced after World War II. The snow-white synthetic paraffin is harder and purer than petroleum-based paraffin waxes. Paraffin is used to make candles, wax paper, leather dressing, inks, lubricants, cosmetics, and sealing materials. The wax is also used for heavy-duty floor wax, waterproofing textiles and paper, tanning leather, as rust preventives, and for masonry and concrete treatment. [[Microcrystalline%20wax|Microcrystalline wax]] is a special refined grade of paraffin wax.
  
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A white, translucent odorless hydrocarbon wax that is chemically inert and odorless. Paraffin was first produced commercially in 1867 as a refined petroleum product composed of a mixture of saturated straight chain hydrocarbons (C22-C36). Production consists of separation by distillation followed by chemical treatment and decolorization. Synthetic paraffin wax made from coal products was introduced after World War II. The snow-white synthetic paraffin is harder and purer than petroleum-based paraffin waxes. Paraffin is used to make candles, wax paper, leather dressing, inks, lubricants, cosmetics, and sealing materials. The wax is also used for heavy-duty floor wax, waterproofing textiles and paper, tanning leather, as rust preventives, and for masonry and concrete treatment. [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Microcrystalline%20wax Microcrystalline wax] is a special refined grade of paraffin wax.
 
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[[File:61-79_Paraffin.Wax_canvas.jpg|thumb|Paraffin Wax]]
 
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
  
 
Paraffin (Deut.); alcano (Esp.); paraffine (Fr., Ned.); parafina (Pol.); cera de parafina (Esp.); paraffina (It); microcrystalline wax; paraffin scale
 
Paraffin (Deut.); alcano (Esp.); paraffine (Fr., Ned.); parafina (Pol.); cera de parafina (Esp.); paraffina (It); microcrystalline wax; paraffin scale
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiPARAFFIN.jpg~FTIR]]]
 
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiPARAFFIN.jpg~FTIR]]]
  
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== Other Properties ==
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== Risks ==
  
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Soluble in benzene, ligroin, carbon disulfide, olive oil.  
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* Combustible. Flash point = 204C (399F). 
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* May contain carcinogens. 
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* ThermoFisher: [https://www.fishersci.com/shop/msdsproxy?productName=AC416770020&productDescription=PARAFFIN SDS]
  
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Insoluble in water and acids. 
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== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
  
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Acid value= 0; iodine value=0, saponification value = 0
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* Soluble in benzene, ligroin, carbon disulfide, olive oil. 
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* Insoluble in water and acids. 
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* Acid value= 0
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* Iodine value=0
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* Saponification value = 0
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Melting Point
 
! scope="row"| Melting Point
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| 47-75
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| 47-75 C
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Density
 
! scope="row"| Density
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| 0.880-0.925
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| 0.880-0.925 g/ml
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Refractive Index
 
! scope="row"| Refractive Index
 
| 1.442-1.448
 
| 1.442-1.448
 
|}
 
|}
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== Hazards and Safety ==
 
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Combustible. Flash point = 204C (399F). 
 
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May contain carcinogens. 
 
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Mallinckrodt Baker: [http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/p0121.htm MSDS]
 
  
 
== Comparisons ==
 
== Comparisons ==
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[[media:download_file_29.pdf|Properties of Natural Waxes]]
 
[[media:download_file_29.pdf|Properties of Natural Waxes]]
  
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== Resources and Citations ==
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== Sources Checked for Data in Record ==
 
  
 
* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: mp=50-57 C
 
* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: mp=50-57 C
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* John S. Mills, Raymond White, ''The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects'', Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994  Comment: mp=52-57 C
 
* John S. Mills, Raymond White, ''The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects'', Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994  Comment: mp=52-57 C
  
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* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com  Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraffin (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006) melting point range 47-65C
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* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraffin (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006) melting point range 47-65C
  
 
* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "Paraffin Wax." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004.  Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service.  14 Apr. 2004  .
 
* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "Paraffin Wax." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004.  Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service.  14 Apr. 2004  .

Latest revision as of 10:01, 26 July 2022

Paraffin wax

Description

Paraffin Wax on canvas (visible light left; UV light right)

A white, translucent odorless hydrocarbon wax that is chemically inert and odorless. Paraffin was first produced commercially in 1867 as a refined petroleum product composed of a mixture of saturated straight chain hydrocarbons (C22-C36). Production consists of separation by distillation followed by chemical treatment and decolorization. Synthetic paraffin wax made from coal products was introduced after World War II. The snow-white synthetic paraffin is harder and purer than petroleum-based paraffin waxes. Paraffin is used to make candles, wax paper, leather dressing, inks, lubricants, cosmetics, and sealing materials. The wax is also used for heavy-duty floor wax, waterproofing textiles and paper, tanning leather, as rust preventives, and for masonry and concrete treatment. Microcrystalline wax is a special refined grade of paraffin wax.

Synonyms and Related Terms

Paraffin (Deut.); alcano (Esp.); paraffine (Fr., Ned.); parafina (Pol.); cera de parafina (Esp.); paraffina (It); microcrystalline wax; paraffin scale

FTIR

AaiPARAFFIN.jpg


Risks

  • Combustible. Flash point = 204C (399F).
  • May contain carcinogens.
  • ThermoFisher: SDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Soluble in benzene, ligroin, carbon disulfide, olive oil.
  • Insoluble in water and acids.
  • Acid value= 0
  • Iodine value=0
  • Saponification value = 0
Composition CnH2n+2
CAS 8002-74-2
Melting Point 47-75 C
Density 0.880-0.925 g/ml
Refractive Index 1.442-1.448

Comparisons

Properties of Natural Waxes

Resources and Citations

  • The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: mp=50-57 C
  • B. Gascoigne, How to Identify Prints, Thames & Hudson, London, 2004
  • G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 581; for refined wax-melting point = 55-58C and specific gravity = 0.903
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 Comment: mp=47-65 C
  • Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) Comment: mp=50-60 C
  • Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982 Comment: mp=50-75 C
  • The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
  • George Savage, Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook, Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954
  • John S. Mills, Raymond White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994 Comment: mp=52-57 C
  • Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Paraffin Wax." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. 14 Apr. 2004 .
  • CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=0.896-0.925; ref. index=1.442-1.448; melting point = 49-63; acid value= 0; iodine value=0, saponification value = 0

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