Difference between revisions of "Titanite"
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[[File:pt20729titanite.jpg|thumb|Titanite]] | [[File:pt20729titanite.jpg|thumb|Titanite]] | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | + | [[File:sphene_corrected2.jpg|thumb|Sphene crystals]] | |
| − | Small yellow, gray, green or brown crystals occasionally used as [[gemstone|gemstones]]. Titanite, or sphene, is composed of calcium titanium silicate | + | Small yellow, gray, green or brown crystals occasionally used as [[gemstone|gemstones]]. Titanite, or sphene, is composed of calcium titanium silicate and is often associated with [[granite|granite]]. Deposits have been found in Canada (Ontario), Mexico, Austria (Tirol), Italy (Trentino), Norway, Switzerland, Madagascar, and the U. S. (New York, Montana, California). Sphene has good luster and fire but is too soft for general wear. |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
sphene; Titanit (Deut.); Sphen (Deut.); titanita (Esp.); titanite (Fr.); tytanit (Pol.); titanite, esfena (Port.); titaniet (Ned.) | sphene; Titanit (Deut.); Sphen (Deut.); titanita (Esp.); titanite (Fr.); tytanit (Pol.); titanite, esfena (Port.); titaniet (Ned.) | ||
| + | [[[SliderGallery rightalign|TitaniteRS.jpg~Raman (RASMIN)|Titaniteitaly1.jpg~Raman (U of Parma)]]] | ||
| + | == Physical and Chemical Properties == | ||
| − | + | * Brittle, wedge-shaped monoclinic crystals | |
| − | + | * Distinct cleavage in one direction; good in another | |
| − | + | * Luster = adamantine to resinous | |
| − | + | * Fracture = conchoidal to splintery | |
| − | Brittle, wedge-shaped monoclinic crystals | + | * Streak = reddish-white |
| − | + | * Fluorescence = none | |
| − | Fracture = conchoidal | + | * Pleochroism = moderate to strong trichroic (colorless - yellow to green - red to yellow-orange) |
| − | + | * Dispersion = very strong fire | |
| − | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Density | ! scope="row"| Density | ||
| − | | 3.4-3.6 | + | | 3.4-3.6 g/ml |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Refractive Index | ! scope="row"| Refractive Index | ||
| − | | 1. | + | | 1.84 - 2.11 |
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! scope="row"| Birefringence | ||
| + | | 0.100 - 0.135 (visible doubling) | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
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== Comparisons == | == Comparisons == | ||
| Line 41: | Line 41: | ||
[[media:download_file_447.pdf|Natural and Simulated Diamonds]] | [[media:download_file_447.pdf|Natural and Simulated Diamonds]] | ||
| − | + | ==Resources and Citations== | |
| − | + | * Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016. | |
| − | == | + | * Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Titanite.shtml Titanite] |
| − | + | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "sphene" [Accessed December 4, 2001] | |
| − | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "sphene" | ||
| − | |||
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979 | * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979 | ||
| − | + | * Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanite Titanite] (Accessed Sept. 17, 2005 and Dec 2022) | |
| − | * Wikipedia | ||
| − | |||
* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | * ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | ||
| − | |||
* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997 | * Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997 | ||
| − | |||
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | ||
Latest revision as of 15:56, 19 December 2022
Description
Small yellow, gray, green or brown crystals occasionally used as gemstones. Titanite, or sphene, is composed of calcium titanium silicate and is often associated with Granite. Deposits have been found in Canada (Ontario), Mexico, Austria (Tirol), Italy (Trentino), Norway, Switzerland, Madagascar, and the U. S. (New York, Montana, California). Sphene has good luster and fire but is too soft for general wear.
Synonyms and Related Terms
sphene; Titanit (Deut.); Sphen (Deut.); titanita (Esp.); titanite (Fr.); tytanit (Pol.); titanite, esfena (Port.); titaniet (Ned.)
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Brittle, wedge-shaped monoclinic crystals
- Distinct cleavage in one direction; good in another
- Luster = adamantine to resinous
- Fracture = conchoidal to splintery
- Streak = reddish-white
- Fluorescence = none
- Pleochroism = moderate to strong trichroic (colorless - yellow to green - red to yellow-orange)
- Dispersion = very strong fire
| Composition | CaTiSiO5 |
|---|---|
| Mohs Hardness | 5.0 - 5.5 |
| Density | 3.4-3.6 g/ml |
| Refractive Index | 1.84 - 2.11 |
| Birefringence | 0.100 - 0.135 (visible doubling) |
Comparisons
Natural and Simulated Diamonds
Resources and Citations
- Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
- Mineralogy Database: Titanite
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "sphene" [Accessed December 4, 2001]
- C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
- Wikipedia: Titanite (Accessed Sept. 17, 2005 and Dec 2022)
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998