Difference between revisions of "Category:Indigo: Ukiyo-e colorant"

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[[File:SC155045.jpg|right|250px|link=https://collections.mfa.org/objects/207552/kamakura-village-from-an-untitled-series-of-westernstyle-l?ctx=1be86594-d25a-458d-827f-8e5dc3048977&idx=0|Kamakura Village by Katsushika Hokusai]]
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[[File:SC222268.jpg|right|300px|link=Eisen,_The_Song_Evening_Mist_at_Asama_Peak,_on_Scrap-paper_Fabric_with_an_Itchû-bushi_Libretto,_from_the_series_A_Modern_Pine_Needle_Collection,_11.17878|The Song Evening Mist at Asama Peak by Keisai Eisen]]
  
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<font size="3">'''[[Indigo]]''' 藍(''ai'')</font>: A natural dark blue dye obtained from ''Indigofera tinctoria'' plants native to India, Java, Peru, and other tropical areas. The use of indigo was first mentioned in Indian manuscripts in the 4th century BCE. In Japan, indigo was introduced from China in the 6th century. The dye is obtained from an indigo plant native to Asia, ''Persicaria tinctoria''. Indian indigo was imported at the beginning of the Meiji period (1868).  
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<font size="3">'''[[Indigo]]'''</font> 藍 (''ai''): A natural dark blue dye obtained from ''Indigofera tinctoria'' plants native to India, Java, Peru, and other tropical areas. The use of indigo was first mentioned in Indian manuscripts in the 4th century BCE. In Japan, indigo was introduced from China in the 6th century CE. The dye is obtained from an indigo plant native to Asia, ''Persicaria tinctoria'' (蓼藍 ''tadeai''). The colorant can also be extracted from indigo dyed cloth or fibers according to Hokusai's illustrated treatise, ''Ehon saishikitsū'' (画本彩色通). Indian indigo began to be imported around the end of the Edo period (1603–1868).
  
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Indigo and dayflower are the two blues used in Japanese woodblock prints until Prussian blue enters the palette in the 1830's. Indigo appears most frequently from the 1740’s onwards as a color mixed with orpiment to produce a variety of greens. As a single colorant, it appears as a comparatively dull blue color. Due to its poor tinting strength, a relatively large amount needs to be used during printing in order to obtain a good saturation of this color. Its texture is somewhat coarse which makes it difficult to execute graduated hues from dark to light. Unlike dayflower, it is stable to moisture but is prone to fading.
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Indigo and [[:Category:Dayflower: Ukiyo-e colorant|dayflower]] are the two blues used in Japanese woodblock prints until [[:Category:Prussian Blue: Ukiyo-e colorant|Prussian blue]] enters the palette in the 1830s. Indigo appears most frequently from the 1740s onwards as a color mixed with orpiment to produce a variety of greens. As a single colorant, it appears as a comparatively dull blue color. Due to its poor tinting strength, a relatively large amount needs to be used during printing in order to obtain a good saturation of this color. Its texture is somewhat coarse which makes it difficult to execute graduated hues from dark to light.
  
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'''For more information see:''' [[Indigo]]
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[[:Category:Indigo/Orpiment: Ukiyo-e colorant|Indigo and orpiment]] are mixed or overprinted to create a green. This mixture is the most commonly seen combination to create a green.
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'''For additional information see:''' [[Indigo]], Uemura Dye Archive: [[Sukumo-Ai_(Indigo)_-_left_(272_L)|Indigo 272]], [[Tadeai_(Japanese_indigo)_-_right_(274_R)|274]], [[Sukumo-Ai_(Indigo)_-_-|275]], [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60455325-2 ''Persicaria tinctoria'' (Kew)]
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<br>
  
 
== Examples of Indigo in Ukiyo-e Prints ==
 
== Examples of Indigo in Ukiyo-e Prints ==
  
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{|class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%"
 
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|[[File:dyed indigo.jpg|200px]]
 
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[[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Harunobu, Beautiful Women of the Yoshiwara, Applying makeup (MFA 2006.1537.5)|Beauties of the Yoshiwara by Suzuki Harunobu]]
 
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|}
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%"
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|[[File:dyed indigo.jpg|200px]]
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|[[File:11.19657-pt6-detail.png|200px|link=Hokusai, Ferry Boat, 11.19657]]
 
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[[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Harunobu, Beautiful Women of the Yoshiwara, Applying makeup (MFA 2006.1537.5)|Beauties of the Yoshiwara by Suzuki Harunobu]]
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[[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Hokusai, Ferry Boat, 11.19657|Pt 6: Printed<br>Katsushika Hokusai, 11.19657]]
 
|}
 
|}
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{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%"
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|[[File:dyed indigo.jpg|200px]]
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|[[File:dyed indigo.jpg|200px|link=Kunisada, Moon Viewing at Mukôjima, a Triptych, from the series Moon, Snow and Flowers, 11.15216]]
 
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[[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Harunobu, Beautiful Women of the Yoshiwara, Applying makeup (MFA 2006.1537.5)|Beauties of the Yoshiwara by Suzuki Harunobu]]
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[[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Kunisada, Moon Viewing at Mukôjima, a Triptych, from the series Moon, Snow and Flowers, 11.15216|Pt : Printed<br>Utagawa Kunisada, 11.15216]]
 
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|}
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{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%"
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|[[File:dyed indigo.jpg|200px]]
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|[[File:11.25669-pt9-detail.png|200px|link=Eisen, Minazuru-hime as Ono no Komachi and Benkei as Kisen Hôshi, from the series Characters from the Life of Ushiwaka as the Six Poetic Immortals, 11.25669]]
 
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[[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Harunobu, Beautiful Women of the Yoshiwara, Applying makeup (MFA 2006.1537.5)|Beauties of the Yoshiwara by Suzuki Harunobu]]
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[[File:11.25669 Pt 9 FORS 2016.jpg|200px]]<br>[[Eisen, Minazuru-hime as Ono no Komachi and Benkei as Kisen Hôshi, from the series Characters from the Life of Ushiwaka as the Six Poetic Immortals, 11.25669|Pt 9: Printed<br>Keisai Eisen, 11.25669]]
 
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|}
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{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%"
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|[[File:dyed indigo.jpg|200px]]
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|[[File:11.17878-pt1-detail.png|200px|link=Eisen, The Song Evening Mist at Asama Peak, on Scrap-paper Fabric with an Itchû-bushi Libretto, from the series A Modern Pine Needle Collection, 11.17878]]
 
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[[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Harunobu, Beautiful Women of the Yoshiwara, Applying makeup (MFA 2006.1537.5)|Beauties of the Yoshiwara by Suzuki Harunobu]]
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[[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Eisen, The Song Evening Mist at Asama Peak, on Scrap-paper Fabric with an Itchû-bushi Libretto, from the series A Modern Pine Needle Collection, 11.17878|Pt 1: Printed<br>Keisai Eisen, 11.17878]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
== Analysis ==
 
== Analysis ==
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Fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) can easily identify the three blues: indigo, dayflower, and Prussian blue.
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Fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) can easily identify the three blues: [[:Category:Dayflower: Ukiyo-e colorant|dayflower]], indigo, and [[:Category:Prussian Blue: Ukiyo-e colorant|Prussian blue]].
 
<gallery mode=packed heights=200px style="text-align:left">
 
<gallery mode=packed heights=200px style="text-align:left">
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Indigo FORS.JPG|FORS spectrum of Indigo reference
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Dayflower FORS.JPG|<center>FORS spectrum of Dayflower reference</center>
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Dayflower FORS.JPG|FORS spectrum of Dayflower reference
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Indigo FORS.JPG|<center>FORS spectrum of Indigo reference</center>
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Indigo FORS.JPG|FORS spectrum of Prussian blue reference
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Prussian blue FORS.jpg|<center>FORS spectrum of Prussian blue reference</center>
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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==Other Images of Indigo ==  
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==Images of Indigo ==  
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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File:indigo tinctoria t.jpg|Indigo plant (''Indigofera tinctoria'')
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File:Persicaria tinctoria.jpg|''Persicaria tinctoria'', <small>by Tokushima Prefectural Souvenir and Tourism Plaza</small>|link=https://tokushima-bussan.com/crafts/awa-ai/
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File:indigo tinctoria t.jpg|''Indigofera tinctoria''
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Indigo sticks.jpg|Indigo sticks, <small>by Takeo City Library</small>|link=https://www.city.takeo.lg.jp/rekisi/kikaku/2012/ao/ao.html
 
File:indigo_piece_1.jpg|Indigo piece  (''Indigofera tinctoria'')
 
File:indigo_piece_1.jpg|Indigo piece  (''Indigofera tinctoria'')
 
File:indigo_powder.jpg|Indigo powder  (''Indigofera tinctoria'')
 
File:indigo_powder.jpg|Indigo powder  (''Indigofera tinctoria'')
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File:Sukumo indigo.jpg|Sukumo indigo (''Persicaria tinctoria'')
 
File:dyed indigo.jpg|Paper dyed with indigo
 
File:dyed indigo.jpg|Paper dyed with indigo
 
File:indigo_50X2.jpg|Paper dyed with indigo at 50x
 
File:indigo_50X2.jpg|Paper dyed with indigo at 50x
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File:46_Indigo_blue_500X.jpg|Indigo blue
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File:46_Indigo_blue_500X.jpg|Indigo blue at 500x
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File:Printed indigo1-cropped.jpg|Printed Indigo
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File:Printed indigo2-cropped.jpg|Printed Indigo
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File:NMAH-AHB2017q005556.jpg|Indigo paste, <small>by National Museum of Natural History</small>|link=https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/nmah_1323755
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File:20463404.jpg|Indigo (audio), <small>by Harvard Art Museums</small>|link=https://harvardartmuseums.org/tour/660/slide/11150
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File:Wi9zwOHzt1g-SD.jpg|Ai-Tokushima:The story of Japan blue (video), <small>by Tokushima prefecture channel</small>|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wi9zwOHzt1g&t=30s
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File:9 9WAv57VKw-SD.jpg|Awa indigo and its production method (video), <small>by jrtservice623</small>|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_9WAv57VKw
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File:BP75xw1IptY-HQ.jpg|Indigo Building (video), <small>by Yamatokoriyama City Tourism Association</small>|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BP75xw1IptY
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File:UEMcjmyjoOY-SD.jpg|Indigo dye extraction (video), <small>by kmaexports</small>|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UEMcjmyjoOY
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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<!--Add 千種の花、vol2 p16-->
  
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==List of Prints ==
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Below is a list of prints where indigo was detected.
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[[Category:Ukiyo-e Print Colorants]]
 

Latest revision as of 12:19, 21 August 2024

The Song Evening Mist at Asama Peak by Keisai Eisen

Indigo 藍 (ai): A natural dark blue dye obtained from Indigofera tinctoria plants native to India, Java, Peru, and other tropical areas. The use of indigo was first mentioned in Indian manuscripts in the 4th century BCE. In Japan, indigo was introduced from China in the 6th century CE. The dye is obtained from an indigo plant native to Asia, Persicaria tinctoria (蓼藍 tadeai). The colorant can also be extracted from indigo dyed cloth or fibers according to Hokusai's illustrated treatise, Ehon saishikitsū (画本彩色通). Indian indigo began to be imported around the end of the Edo period (1603–1868).

Indigo and dayflower are the two blues used in Japanese woodblock prints until Prussian blue enters the palette in the 1830s. Indigo appears most frequently from the 1740s onwards as a color mixed with orpiment to produce a variety of greens. As a single colorant, it appears as a comparatively dull blue color. Due to its poor tinting strength, a relatively large amount needs to be used during printing in order to obtain a good saturation of this color. Its texture is somewhat coarse which makes it difficult to execute graduated hues from dark to light.

Indigo and orpiment are mixed or overprinted to create a green. This mixture is the most commonly seen combination to create a green.

For additional information see: Indigo, Uemura Dye Archive: Indigo 272, 274, 275, Persicaria tinctoria (Kew)

Examples of Indigo in Ukiyo-e Prints

11.19657-pt6-detail.png

Indigo FORS.JPG
Pt 6: Printed
Katsushika Hokusai, 11.19657

Dyed indigo.jpg

Indigo FORS.JPG
Pt : Printed
Utagawa Kunisada, 11.15216

11.25669-pt9-detail.png

11.25669 Pt 9 FORS 2016.jpg
Pt 9: Printed
Keisai Eisen, 11.25669

11.17878-pt1-detail.png

Indigo FORS.JPG
Pt 1: Printed
Keisai Eisen, 11.17878

Analysis

Fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) can easily identify the three blues: dayflower, indigo, and Prussian blue.

  • FORS spectrum of Dayflower reference
  • FORS spectrum of Indigo reference
  • FORS spectrum of Prussian blue reference

Images of Indigo

  • Persicaria tinctoria, by Tokushima Prefectural Souvenir and Tourism Plaza

  • Indigofera tinctoria

  • Indigo sticks, by Takeo City Library

  • Indigo piece (Indigofera tinctoria)

  • Indigo powder (Indigofera tinctoria)

  • Sukumo indigo (Persicaria tinctoria)

  • Paper dyed with indigo

  • Paper dyed with indigo at 50x

  • Indigo blue at 500x

  • Printed Indigo

  • Printed Indigo

  • Indigo paste, by National Museum of Natural History

  • Indigo (audio), by Harvard Art Museums

  • Ai-Tokushima:The story of Japan blue (video), by Tokushima prefecture channel

  • Awa indigo and its production method (video), by jrtservice623

  • Indigo Building (video), by Yamatokoriyama City Tourism Association

  • Indigo dye extraction (video), by kmaexports

List of Prints

Below is a list of prints where indigo was detected.

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