Difference between revisions of "Polypropylene"
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| + | [[File:MFA1996130.jpg|thumb|Miniature chair<br>MFA# 1996.130]] | ||
| + | [[File:Brooch21101370 .jpg|thumb|Brooch by Saito<br>MFA# 2010.1370]] | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | A tough, translucent, white, thermoplastic [[polyolefin]] made from propylene. In 1954, Giulio Natta (Milan Polytechnic, Italy) polymerized propylene, and by 1957, polypropylene fibers were being commercially produced by Montecatini Societa Generale (Italy). Polypropylene is similar to [[polyethylene]], but is slightly less dense with higher gloss, rigidity, and softening point. It has fair abrasion resistance and good resistance to heat and electricity. Polypropylene is the second most widely produced commodity plastic. Outside of museums, polypropylene is used for medical supplies, electrical appliances, toys, bottles, fishnets, pipe, clothing, road signs, molded parts, carpet, artificial grass, laminates, food packages, furniture, and photographic enclosures. Polypropylene is also made in a low molecular weight form that is used as greases, sealants, and wax. | + | A tough, translucent, white, thermoplastic [[polyolefin]] made from propylene. In 1954, Giulio Natta (Milan Polytechnic, Italy) polymerized propylene, and by 1957, polypropylene fibers were being commercially produced by Montecatini Societa Generale (Italy). Polypropylene is similar to [[polyethylene]], but is slightly less dense with higher gloss, rigidity, and softening point. It has fair abrasion resistance and good resistance to heat and electricity. Polypropylene is the second most widely produced commodity plastic. Outside of museums, polypropylene is used for medical supplies, electrical appliances, toys, bottles, fishnets, pipe, clothing, road signs, molded parts, carpet, artificial grass, laminates, food packages, furniture, and photographic enclosures. Polypropylene is also made in a low molecular weight form that is used as greases, sealants, and wax. Polypropylene foam are commonly used for packaging, insulation and cushioning. |
| − | + | [[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiPOLYPROP.jpg~FTIR]]] | |
Examples include: | Examples include: | ||
| + | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | ||
| + | |+Table of Polypropylene types | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | !Forms!!Products | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! Film | ||
| + | | Frisket; Torayfan OPP | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! Foam | ||
| + | |Propafoam [Microfoam Pregis LLC]<br> | ||
| + | Propazote [Zotefoams Ltd.]; | ||
| + | <br>Strandfoam [Dow] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! Corrugated board | ||
| + | | Hi-Core [Matra Plast]; <br> | ||
| + | Coroplast (copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene) [Coroplast LLC]; <br> | ||
| + | Cor-X (copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene) [Primex] <br> | ||
| + | Polyflute | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! Fabric non-woven | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! Pellets | ||
| + | | Poly-Pellets | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | !Fluff | ||
| + | |Poly-fil; | ||
| + | |} | ||
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
| − | PP; polyolefin; polipropileno (Esp.); polypropylène (Fr.); polipropilene (It.); Polypropylen (Deut.); polypropeen (Ned.); polipropileno (Port.); polypropen (Sven.) | + | PP (polypropylene); OPP (oriented polypropylene); polyolefin; polipropileno (Esp.); polypropylène (Fr.); polipropilene (It.); Polypropylen (Deut.); polypropeen (Ned.); polipropileno (Port.); polypropen (Sven.) |
Examples: Coroplast; Propylex; Herculon; Microfoam | Examples: Coroplast; Propylex; Herculon; Microfoam | ||
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== Applications == | == Applications == | ||
| Line 22: | Line 50: | ||
==Personal Risks== | ==Personal Risks== | ||
Scientific Polymer Products: [http://hazard.com/msds/f2/btq/btqvx.html MSDS] | Scientific Polymer Products: [http://hazard.com/msds/f2/btq/btqvx.html MSDS] | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Collection Risks == | ||
| + | * Polypropylene is not susceptible to hydrolysis. “Highly hydrophobic polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene are unlikely to have hydrolysable chemical groups, so are not subject to hydrolytic breakdown” | ||
| + | * Exposure to ultraviolet radiation causes discoloration and embrittlement. Discoloration can cause loss of transparency for storage enclosures and embrittlement can result in decreased strength and loss of function of storage material. <ref>Scott R. Williams. Plastic Storage Products. In ‘Preventive Conservation: Collection Storage’ Lisa Elkin and Christopher A. Norris (eds.), Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections, New York. 2019. 774</ref> | ||
| + | * Highly flammable | ||
| + | * Adversely affected by contact with metals | ||
==Environmental Risks== | ==Environmental Risks== | ||
| − | + | * Some polypropylene products are made to be biodegradable and are not suitable for use as they may be attacked by micro-organisms | |
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== Physical and Chemical Properties == | == Physical and Chemical Properties == | ||
| − | Soluble in some hydrocarbons, isoamyl alcohol. Insoluble in acetone, diethyl ether, lower alcohols, ethyl acetate, acids, alkalis. | + | * Soluble in some hydrocarbons, isoamyl alcohol. |
| − | + | * Insoluble in acetone, diethyl ether, lower alcohols, ethyl acetate, acids, alkalis. | |
| − | Burns with yellow flame and blue center; smells of paraffin. | + | * Burns with yellow flame and blue center; smells of paraffin. |
| − | + | * General composition = [C3H5]n | |
| − | + | * CAS = 9003-07-0 | |
| − | + | * Melting Point = 160-165 C | |
| − | + | * Density = 0.85-0.94 g/ml | |
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== Comparisons == | == Comparisons == | ||
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[[media:download_file_361.pdf|General Characteristics of Polymers]] | [[media:download_file_361.pdf|General Characteristics of Polymers]] | ||
| − | == | + | ==Resources and Citations == |
| − | + | <references/> | |
| − | * | + | Omnexus: [https://omnexus.specialchem.com/selection-guide/polypropylene-pp-plastic/brands Guide on Polypropylene] |
| − | + | * Manfredi, Barberis, & Marengo. (2017). Prediction and classification of the degradation state of plastic materials used in modern and contemporary art. ''Applied Physics A'', 123(1), 1-11. | |
| + | * Gina Watkinson, AIC Plastics Panel, Contributed information2020. | ||
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 836 | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 836 | ||
| − | |||
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', ''Engineered Plastics'', ASM International, 1988 | * Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', ''Engineered Plastics'', ASM International, 1988 | ||
| − | |||
* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 | * Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 | ||
| − | + | * Sigma Chemical MSDS has CAS 25085-53-4; Merck has CAS 9003-07-0 as does MSDS for Environmental Science; Scientific Polymer products has 9003-0704 for isotactic polypropylene | |
| − | * | ||
| − | |||
* History of Plastics: www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html; | * History of Plastics: www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html; | ||
| − | |||
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylene (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005) | * Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylene (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005) | ||
| + | * Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 | ||
| + | * Jean Tetreault ''Products Used in Preventive Conservation'' CCI, December 2017. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323153775_Products_Used_in_Preventive_Conservation Link] | ||
| − | + | [[Category:Materials database]][[Category:MWG]][[Category: Sheet/Film, Plastic]] | |
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| − | [[Category:Materials database]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:53, 2 October 2024
Description
A tough, translucent, white, thermoplastic Polyolefin made from propylene. In 1954, Giulio Natta (Milan Polytechnic, Italy) polymerized propylene, and by 1957, polypropylene fibers were being commercially produced by Montecatini Societa Generale (Italy). Polypropylene is similar to Polyethylene, but is slightly less dense with higher gloss, rigidity, and softening point. It has fair abrasion resistance and good resistance to heat and electricity. Polypropylene is the second most widely produced commodity plastic. Outside of museums, polypropylene is used for medical supplies, electrical appliances, toys, bottles, fishnets, pipe, clothing, road signs, molded parts, carpet, artificial grass, laminates, food packages, furniture, and photographic enclosures. Polypropylene is also made in a low molecular weight form that is used as greases, sealants, and wax. Polypropylene foam are commonly used for packaging, insulation and cushioning.
Examples include:
| Forms | Products |
|---|---|
| Film | Frisket; Torayfan OPP |
| Foam | Propafoam [Microfoam Pregis LLC] Propazote [Zotefoams Ltd.];
|
| Corrugated board | Hi-Core [Matra Plast]; Coroplast (copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene) [Coroplast LLC]; |
| Fabric non-woven | |
| Pellets | Poly-Pellets |
| Fluff | Poly-fil; |
Synonyms and Related Terms
PP (polypropylene); OPP (oriented polypropylene); polyolefin; polipropileno (Esp.); polypropylène (Fr.); polipropilene (It.); Polypropylen (Deut.); polypropeen (Ned.); polipropileno (Port.); polypropen (Sven.)
Examples: Coroplast; Propylex; Herculon; Microfoam
Applications
- Corrugated board
- Fibers, non-woven fabric, protective sheets
- Vapor barrier films, protective sheets
- Waxes and lubricants
Personal Risks
Scientific Polymer Products: MSDS
Collection Risks
- Polypropylene is not susceptible to hydrolysis. “Highly hydrophobic polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene are unlikely to have hydrolysable chemical groups, so are not subject to hydrolytic breakdown”
- Exposure to ultraviolet radiation causes discoloration and embrittlement. Discoloration can cause loss of transparency for storage enclosures and embrittlement can result in decreased strength and loss of function of storage material. [1]
- Highly flammable
- Adversely affected by contact with metals
Environmental Risks
- Some polypropylene products are made to be biodegradable and are not suitable for use as they may be attacked by micro-organisms
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Soluble in some hydrocarbons, isoamyl alcohol.
- Insoluble in acetone, diethyl ether, lower alcohols, ethyl acetate, acids, alkalis.
- Burns with yellow flame and blue center; smells of paraffin.
- General composition = [C3H5]n
- CAS = 9003-07-0
- Melting Point = 160-165 C
- Density = 0.85-0.94 g/ml
Comparisons
Physical Properties for Selected Thermoplastic Resins
General Characteristics of Polymers
Resources and Citations
- ↑ Scott R. Williams. Plastic Storage Products. In ‘Preventive Conservation: Collection Storage’ Lisa Elkin and Christopher A. Norris (eds.), Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections, New York. 2019. 774
Omnexus: Guide on Polypropylene
- Manfredi, Barberis, & Marengo. (2017). Prediction and classification of the degradation state of plastic materials used in modern and contemporary art. Applied Physics A, 123(1), 1-11.
- Gina Watkinson, AIC Plastics Panel, Contributed information2020.
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 836
- Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- Sigma Chemical MSDS has CAS 25085-53-4; Merck has CAS 9003-07-0 as does MSDS for Environmental Science; Scientific Polymer products has 9003-0704 for isotactic polypropylene
- History of Plastics: www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html;
- Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylene (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005)
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
- Jean Tetreault Products Used in Preventive Conservation CCI, December 2017. Link