Difference between revisions of "Amazonite"
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| − | [[File:72.1106-SC157850.jpg|thumb| | + | [[File:72.1106-SC157850.jpg|thumb|Egyptian amulet<br>MFA Acc. #: 72.1106]] |
== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | + | [[File:pm30211microcline.jpg|thumb|Amazonite (green microcline)]] | |
A pale green, opaque [[microcline|microcline]] mineral. Amazonite derives its color from traces of lead and crystalline water (Aston et al 2000). Also called Amazon stone, it was used since about 3000 BCE for decorations, amulets, vessels, beads, and as a gemstone. Ancient examples have been found in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and northern India. Amazonite was considered one of the six most precious stones in Pharaonic Egypt. It is currently quarried in Russia and the U.S.(Colorado, Pennsylvania, Virgina). | A pale green, opaque [[microcline|microcline]] mineral. Amazonite derives its color from traces of lead and crystalline water (Aston et al 2000). Also called Amazon stone, it was used since about 3000 BCE for decorations, amulets, vessels, beads, and as a gemstone. Ancient examples have been found in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and northern India. Amazonite was considered one of the six most precious stones in Pharaonic Egypt. It is currently quarried in Russia and the U.S.(Colorado, Pennsylvania, Virgina). | ||
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Amazon stone; amazonstone; mother of emerald; green feldspar; microcline; Amazonit (Deut.); amazonite (Fr., Port.); amazonita (Esp.); amazoniet (Ned.) | Amazon stone; amazonstone; mother of emerald; green feldspar; microcline; Amazonit (Deut.); amazonite (Fr., Port.); amazonita (Esp.); amazoniet (Ned.) | ||
| + | [[[SliderGallery rightalign|Microcline, PMA.TIF~FTIR (PMA)|Microcline IR-ATR RRUFF R050150.png~IR-ATR (RRUFF)|Microcline Raman RRUFF R050150.png~Raman (RRUFF)|microclineRS.jpg~Raman (RASMIN)]]] | ||
| + | == Physical and Chemical Properties == | ||
| − | + | * Color = colorless, white, pale-yellow, brick-red, or green | |
| − | + | * Cleavage = perfect in one direction and good in another | |
| + | * Fracture = uneven, splintery | ||
| + | * Luster = vitreous | ||
| + | * Streak = white | ||
| + | * Fluorescence = generally inert; may show weak yellowish green in LW | ||
| + | * Pleochroism = absent | ||
| + | |||
| + | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! scope="row"| Composition | ||
| + | | K2O-Al2O3-6SiO2 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! scope="row"| Mohs Hardness | ||
| + | | 6.0-6.5 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! scope="row"| Density | ||
| + | | 2.56-2.58 g/ml | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! scope="row"| Refractive index | ||
| + | | 1.522- 1.530 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! scope="row"| Birefringence | ||
| + | | undetectable to 0.008 | ||
| + | |} | ||
== Comparisons == | == Comparisons == | ||
| Line 16: | Line 41: | ||
== Resources and Citations == | == Resources and Citations == | ||
| − | + | * Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016. | |
* B.Aston, J.Harrell, I.Shaw, "Stone" in ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology'', P.Nicholson, I.Shaw (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 45-46. | * B.Aston, J.Harrell, I.Shaw, "Stone" in ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology'', P.Nicholson, I.Shaw (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 45-46. | ||
| − | + | * Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonite Amazonite] (Accessed Sept. 10, 2005 and Dec 2022) | |
* Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Microcline.shtml Microcline] | * Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Microcline.shtml Microcline] | ||
| − | |||
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 316 | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 316 | ||
| − | |||
* Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982 | * Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982 | ||
| − | |||
* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997 | * Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997 | ||
| − | |||
* Frank A. Lent, ''Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries.'', Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925 | * Frank A. Lent, ''Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries.'', Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925 | ||
| − | |||
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | ||
| − | |||
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979 | * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979 | ||
| − | |||
* Thomas Gregory, ''The Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942 | * Thomas Gregory, ''The Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942 | ||
| − | |||
* George Savage, ''Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook'', Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954 | * George Savage, ''Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook'', Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954 | ||
Latest revision as of 10:28, 23 December 2022
Description
A pale green, opaque Microcline mineral. Amazonite derives its color from traces of lead and crystalline water (Aston et al 2000). Also called Amazon stone, it was used since about 3000 BCE for decorations, amulets, vessels, beads, and as a gemstone. Ancient examples have been found in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and northern India. Amazonite was considered one of the six most precious stones in Pharaonic Egypt. It is currently quarried in Russia and the U.S.(Colorado, Pennsylvania, Virgina).
Synonyms and Related Terms
Amazon stone; amazonstone; mother of emerald; green feldspar; microcline; Amazonit (Deut.); amazonite (Fr., Port.); amazonita (Esp.); amazoniet (Ned.)
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Color = colorless, white, pale-yellow, brick-red, or green
- Cleavage = perfect in one direction and good in another
- Fracture = uneven, splintery
- Luster = vitreous
- Streak = white
- Fluorescence = generally inert; may show weak yellowish green in LW
- Pleochroism = absent
| Composition | K2O-Al2O3-6SiO2 |
|---|---|
| Mohs Hardness | 6.0-6.5 |
| Density | 2.56-2.58 g/ml |
| Refractive index | 1.522- 1.530 |
| Birefringence | undetectable to 0.008 |
Comparisons
Resources and Citations
- Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
- B.Aston, J.Harrell, I.Shaw, "Stone" in Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, P.Nicholson, I.Shaw (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 45-46.
- Wikipedia: Amazonite (Accessed Sept. 10, 2005 and Dec 2022)
- Mineralogy Database: Microcline
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 316
- Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
- Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
- Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
- C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
- Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
- George Savage, Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook, Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954