Red pine

Norway Pine (Pinus resinosa)

Description

Red pine paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain at 10x

1) A common evergreen tree, Pinus resinosa, native to northeastern North America. Red pine has a light reddish wood with a fine grain. The strong, hard wood is used for flooring, millwork, and kraft pulp. Lumber production of red pine in the United States peaked about 1889.

2) The primary timber tree, Dacrydium cupressinum, of New Zealand. Red pine has a reddish brown wood with a straight grain. It is used for furniture, millwork, and kraft pulp.

3): A decorative evergreen, Pinus densiflora, native to Japan. The Japanese red pine is primary used for landscaping.

Red pine paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain at 40x

Synonyms and Related Terms

1: Norway pine; Pinus resinosa

2: rima; Dacrydium cupressinum

3: Japanese red pine; Pinus densiflora

Physical and Chemical Properties

1: 33 ppcf

2: 37 ppcf

Paper fiber type: softwood, hard pine. Using transmitted light microscopy, fibers are identified by the presence of large, rectangular fenestriform pits. Pits occur as singles (across the fiber) more than doubles, but both may be present. Dentate ray tracheids are present. Appearance with Graff "C" stain: varies with pulping and bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: length 3.4mm, width 30-40μm. Common pulping method: kraft and sulfite.

Additional Images

• 

  Norway pine (Pinus resinosa) radial section at 100x

• 

  Norway pine (Pinus resinosa) tangential section at 100x

• 

  Norway pine (Pinus resinosa) transverse section at 100x

Resources and Citations

• G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 614

• Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996

• Northern File:56_Norway Pine_Rad_100X.jpg|thumb|Norway pine (Pinus resinosa)Pine Manufacturers: air-dry weight = 33 pcf

• The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998

• Marja-Sisko Ilvessalo-Pfäffli. Fiber Atlas: Identification of Papermaking Fibers (Springer Series in Wood Science). Springer, 1995.

• Walter Rantanen. "Fiber ID Course." Integrated Paper Services. June 2013. Lecture.