Difference between revisions of "Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG)"
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| − | [[File:Yttrium- | + | [[File:Yttrium-aluminum garnet (synthetic gemstone) 1.jpg|thumb|Yttrium-aluminum garnet (synthetic gemstone); [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yttrium-aluminum_garnet_(synthetic_gemstone)_1.jpg Wikipedia]]] |
== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | A synthetic crystalline material composed of yttrium aluminum oxide. The name, yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is technically inaccurate, as garnet is a silicate mineral, but its properties are similar to garnets. Chemically, YAG is corundum (Al2O3) with some of the aluminum replaced by yttrium. Synthetic yttrium iron garnets (YIG) and yttrium aluminum garnets (YAG) are used as microwave bandpass filters in in lasers and communication networks. | + | A synthetic crystalline material composed of yttrium aluminum oxide. The name, yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is technically inaccurate, as garnet is a silicate mineral, but its properties are similar to garnets. Chemically, YAG is corundum (Al2O3) with some of the aluminum replaced by yttrium. Synthetic yttrium iron garnets (YIG) and yttrium aluminum garnets (YAG) are used as microwave bandpass filters in in lasers and communication networks. From about 1970, single-crystal YAGs were used for making artificial diamonds and gemstones. Colored variants and their doping elements include: |
* green (chromium) | * green (chromium) | ||
* blue (cobalt) | * blue (cobalt) | ||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
The faceted synthetic gems have high clarity, durability, high refractive index and dispersion. YAG cuts and polishes like natural garnet, but it also has low heat sensitivity. | The faceted synthetic gems have high clarity, durability, high refractive index and dispersion. YAG cuts and polishes like natural garnet, but it also has low heat sensitivity. | ||
| − | [[File:YAG Raman RRUFF R110105.png|thumb| Raman spectrum of green synthetic YAG gemstone; [https://rruff.info/yttrium/display=default/R110105 RRUFF]]] | + | [[File:YAG Raman RRUFF R110105.png|thumb|Raman spectrum of green synthetic YAG gemstone; [https://rruff.info/yttrium/display=default/R110105 RRUFF]]] |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
yttrium garnet; yttrium iron garnet (YIG); | yttrium garnet; yttrium iron garnet (YIG); | ||
| − | Commercial names: | + | Commercial names: Diamite; Diamonite; Diamogen; Diamondair; Diamonique; Gemonair; Replique; Linde simulated diamond; Triamond |
== Physical and Chemical Properties == | == Physical and Chemical Properties == | ||
Latest revision as of 10:42, 4 January 2023
_1.jpg)
Yttrium-aluminum garnet (synthetic gemstone); Wikipedia
Description
A synthetic crystalline material composed of yttrium aluminum oxide. The name, yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is technically inaccurate, as garnet is a silicate mineral, but its properties are similar to garnets. Chemically, YAG is corundum (Al2O3) with some of the aluminum replaced by yttrium. Synthetic yttrium iron garnets (YIG) and yttrium aluminum garnets (YAG) are used as microwave bandpass filters in in lasers and communication networks. From about 1970, single-crystal YAGs were used for making artificial diamonds and gemstones. Colored variants and their doping elements include:
- green (chromium)
- blue (cobalt)
- red (manganese)
- yellow (titanium)
- blue/pink/purple (neodymium, depending on light source)
- pink, and orange.
The faceted synthetic gems have high clarity, durability, high refractive index and dispersion. YAG cuts and polishes like natural garnet, but it also has low heat sensitivity.
Raman spectrum of green synthetic YAG gemstone; RRUFF
Synonyms and Related Terms
yttrium garnet; yttrium iron garnet (YIG);
Commercial names: Diamite; Diamonite; Diamogen; Diamondair; Diamonique; Gemonair; Replique; Linde simulated diamond; Triamond
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Luster= vitreous
- Fracture = conchoidal
- Fluorescence = none to moderate (colorless stones); none (blue and pink stones); strong yellow with phosphorescence (yellow stones); strong red in LW (green stones)
- Birefringence = none
| Composition | Y3Al5O12 |
|---|---|
| Mohs Hardness | 8.5 |
| Density | 4.5-4.6 g/ml |
| Refractive Index | 1.82-1.84 |
| Dispersion | 0.028 (weak fire) |
Comparisons
Natural and Simulated Diamonds
Resources and Citations
- Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 178
- Web Elements at http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Y/hist.html
- Wikipedia: Yttrium aluminum garnet