Difference between revisions of "Woodlands Bast Fiber Reference Collection"
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| + | Note: this page is in progress. Please do not link or cite until it is finalized | ||
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
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* [[Basswood]]: Bass wood (''Tilia americana'') | * [[Basswood]]: Bass wood (''Tilia americana'') | ||
* [[Elm]]: Slippery elm (''Ulnus rubra'') | * [[Elm]]: Slippery elm (''Ulnus rubra'') | ||
| − | * [[Nettle]]: Stinging nettle (''Urtica dioca'' | + | * [[Nettle]]: Stinging nettle (''Urtica dioca'') |
* [[Dogbane]]: Dogbane (''Apocynum annabinum'') | * [[Dogbane]]: Dogbane (''Apocynum annabinum'') | ||
* [[Milkweed fiber|Milkweed]]: Common milkweed (''Aspclepias syria''), Swamp milkweed (''Aspclepias incarnate'') | * [[Milkweed fiber|Milkweed]]: Common milkweed (''Aspclepias syria''), Swamp milkweed (''Aspclepias incarnate'') | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Common name | ! Common name | ||
| − | ! Scientific | + | ! Scientific Name |
| − | ! Micro-fibrillar | + | ! Micro-fibrillar Spin |
! Crystals | ! Crystals | ||
| − | ! | + | ! Crystal Diagram |
! Cross-section Diagram | ! Cross-section Diagram | ||
! Fiber Diameter (microns) | ! Fiber Diameter (microns) | ||
| Line 24: | Line 26: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Dogbane | | Dogbane | ||
| − | | Apocynum cannabinum | + | | ''Apocynum cannabinum'' |
| S | | S | ||
| − | | Calcium sulfate in parenchyma | + | | Calcium sulfate in parenchyma |
| | | | ||
| − | | | + | | [[File:Dogbane xsection.jpg|thumb]] |
| Range: 5-35<br />Typical: 15-25 | | Range: 5-35<br />Typical: 15-25 | ||
| 2.09 | | 2.09 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| Nettle | | Nettle | ||
| − | | Urtica dioica | + | | ''Urtica dioica'' |
| S | | S | ||
| Frequent calcium oxalate druses in parenchyma. | | Frequent calcium oxalate druses in parenchyma. | ||
| − | | | + | | [[File:Nettle xstals.jpg|thumb]] |
| − | | | + | | [[File:Nettle xsection.jpg|thumb]] |
| Range: 10-75<br />Typical: 15-70 | | Range: 10-75<br />Typical: 15-70 | ||
| 2.7 | | 2.7 | ||
| Line 44: | Line 46: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Common milkweed | | Common milkweed | ||
| − | | Asclepias syriaca | + | | ''Asclepias syriaca'' |
| S | | S | ||
| Infrequent calcium oxalate druses in parenchyma, calcium sulfate in parenchyma. | | Infrequent calcium oxalate druses in parenchyma, calcium sulfate in parenchyma. | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | | + | | [[File:Common milkweed xsection.jpg|thumb]] |
| Range: 10-30 <br />Typical: 10-20 | | Range: 10-30 <br />Typical: 10-20 | ||
| 1.3 | | 1.3 | ||
| Line 54: | Line 56: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Swamp milkweed | | Swamp milkweed | ||
| − | | Asclepias incarnata | + | | ''Asclepias incarnata'' |
| S | | S | ||
| Infrequent calcium oxalate druses in parenchyma, calcium sulfate in parenchyma. | | Infrequent calcium oxalate druses in parenchyma, calcium sulfate in parenchyma. | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | | + | | [[File:Swamp milkweed xsection.jpg|thumb]] |
| Range: 5-25 <br />Typical: 15-20 | | Range: 5-25 <br />Typical: 15-20 | ||
| 1.23 | | 1.23 | ||
| Line 64: | Line 66: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Basswood | | Basswood | ||
| − | | Tilia americana | + | | ''Tilia americana'' |
| Z | | Z | ||
| Calcium oxalate druses and prismatic, found within fiber network.<br />Calcium sulfate also present. | | Calcium oxalate druses and prismatic, found within fiber network.<br />Calcium sulfate also present. | ||
| − | | | + | | [[File:Basswood xstals.jpg|thumb]] |
| − | | | + | | [[File:Basswood xsection.jpg|thumb]] |
| Range: 8-20<br />Typical: 10-18 | | Range: 8-20<br />Typical: 10-18 | ||
| 1.32 | | 1.32 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| Slippery elm | | Slippery elm | ||
| − | | Ulmus rubra | + | | ''Ulmus rubra'' |
| Z? | | Z? | ||
| Frequent calcium oxalate prismatic crystals in fiber network. | | Frequent calcium oxalate prismatic crystals in fiber network. | ||
| − | | | + | | [[File:Slippery elm xstals.jpg|thumb]] |
| − | | | + | | [[File:Slippery elm xsection.jpg|thumb]] |
| Range: 4-14<br />Typical: 5-10 | | Range: 4-14<br />Typical: 5-10 | ||
| 1.59 | | 1.59 | ||
| Ca, Mg, Na | | Ca, Mg, Na | ||
|} | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Resources and Citations == | ||
| + | * Nora Frankel, edited 4/10/18, National Museum of the American Indian | ||
[[Category:Materials database]] | [[Category:Materials database]] | ||
[[Category:FRIL]] | [[Category:FRIL]] | ||
[[Category: FRIL: Plant Fibers]] | [[Category: FRIL: Plant Fibers]] | ||
Latest revision as of 06:25, 7 July 2023
Note: this page is in progress. Please do not link or cite until it is finalized
Description
Some images of plant fibers in the FRIL Database are from the Woodland Plant Fiber Reference Collection as the National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI). Pre-Columbian clothing, baskets, pouches, cords and mats were often made from the inner layers of bark and plants. In the northern and eastern regions of North America, the most commonly used fibers were
- Basswood: Bass wood (Tilia americana)
- Elm: Slippery elm (Ulnus rubra)
- Nettle: Stinging nettle (Urtica dioca)
- Dogbane: Dogbane (Apocynum annabinum)
- Milkweed: Common milkweed (Aspclepias syria), Swamp milkweed (Aspclepias incarnate)
A table containing a comparison of these fibers can be found here.
| Common name | Scientific Name | Micro-fibrillar Spin | Crystals | Crystal Diagram | Cross-section Diagram | Fiber Diameter (microns) | Fiber L:W Ratio |
EDS results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dogbane | Apocynum cannabinum | S | Calcium sulfate in parenchyma | Range: 5-35 Typical: 15-25 |
2.09 | Ca, S, Na | ||
| Nettle | Urtica dioica | S | Frequent calcium oxalate druses in parenchyma. | Range: 10-75 Typical: 15-70 |
2.7 | Ca, S | ||
| Common milkweed | Asclepias syriaca | S | Infrequent calcium oxalate druses in parenchyma, calcium sulfate in parenchyma. | Range: 10-30 Typical: 10-20 |
1.3 | Ca, S, Na | ||
| Swamp milkweed | Asclepias incarnata | S | Infrequent calcium oxalate druses in parenchyma, calcium sulfate in parenchyma. | Range: 5-25 Typical: 15-20 |
1.23 | Ca, S, Na | ||
| Basswood | Tilia americana | Z | Calcium oxalate druses and prismatic, found within fiber network. Calcium sulfate also present. |
Range: 8-20 Typical: 10-18 |
1.32 | Ca, S, Na | ||
| Slippery elm | Ulmus rubra | Z? | Frequent calcium oxalate prismatic crystals in fiber network. | Range: 4-14 Typical: 5-10 |
1.59 | Ca, Mg, Na |
Resources and Citations
- Nora Frankel, edited 4/10/18, National Museum of the American Indian