Difference between revisions of "3D printing filaments"

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| 210-250 C
 
| 210-250 C
 
| Functional parts, mechanical  parts, enclosures
 
| Functional parts, mechanical  parts, enclosures
−
| * Imaterialise: 1(2019
+
| * Imaterialise: 1(2019)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| PET  (Polyester)
 
| PET  (Polyester)
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| 210-235 C
 
| 210-235 C
 
| Almost anything
 
| Almost anything
−
|
+
| * Verbatim: 1(2018)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| PETG  (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol)
 
| PETG  (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol)
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| 210-235 C
 
| 210-235 C
 
| Food containers (select grades),  bottles, mechanical parts
 
| Food containers (select grades),  bottles, mechanical parts
−
|
+
| * Keene Village Plastics: 1(2020)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Nylon (Polyamide)
 
| Nylon (Polyamide)
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| 220-260 C
 
| 220-260 C
 
| Functional parts, gears,  bearings, tools
 
| Functional parts, gears,  bearings, tools
−
| * Taulman Bridge: 1(2018)<br>* Ultimaker: 3(2017)
+
| * Taulman Bridge: 1(2018)<br>* Ultimaker: 4(2017-2018)<br>* Imaterialise: 2(2019)<br>* Shapeways 2(2019-2020)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| PMMA (Acrylic)
 
| PMMA (Acrylic)
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| 210-230 C
 
| 210-230 C
 
| Flexible components
 
| Flexible components
−
| * Verbatim: 2(2018)<br> * Tuscan Industries: 1(1997)
+
| * Verbatim: 2(2018)<br>  
 +
* Tuscan Industries: 1(1997)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|-
 
|-
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| 225-235 C
 
| 225-235 C
 
| Flexible parts, phone cases,  gaskets, seals
 
| Flexible parts, phone cases,  gaskets, seals
−
| * Carbon3d: 1(2018)
+
| * Carbon3d: 1(2018)<br>* Keene Village Plastics: 1(2020)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| PC  (Polycarbonate)
 
| PC  (Polycarbonate)
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| 270-310 C
 
| 270-310 C
 
| Functional parts, engineering  prototypes, high-strength applications
 
| Functional parts, engineering  prototypes, high-strength applications
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
| ASA (Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate)
 
| ASA (Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate)
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| 240-260 C
 
| 240-260 C
 
| Outdoor parts, automotive parts,  weather-resistant applications
 
| Outdoor parts, automotive parts,  weather-resistant applications
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
| PEEK  (Polyetheretherketone)
 
| PEEK  (Polyetheretherketone)
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|
 
|
 
| High-performance applications,  aerospace, medical implants
 
| High-performance applications,  aerospace, medical implants
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Carbon  Fiber Filled PLA
 
| Carbon  Fiber Filled PLA
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| 190-230 C
 
| 190-230 C
 
| Structural parts, drones,  robotics
 
| Structural parts, drones,  robotics
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Wood  Filled  
 
| Wood  Filled  
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| 200-260 C
 
| 200-260 C
 
| Decorative objects, models, art  projects
 
| Decorative objects, models, art  projects
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Metal  filled (PLA or ABS)
 
| Metal  filled (PLA or ABS)
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| 195-220 C
 
| 195-220 C
 
| Decorative objects, models,  tools, jewelry
 
| Decorative objects, models,  tools, jewelry
 +
| * Shapeways: Aluminum (2017)<br>* Shapeways: Stainless steel (2017)<br>* Imaterialise: Alumide (2019)
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
Note: Many of the Oddy test results did not identify the polymeric composition.  Additionally records for over 15 polyester copolymer filaments were listed on the AIC website.
  
 
==Risks==
 
==Risks==

Revision as of 14:47, 11 February 2025

3D printing materials
Image credit: Maurizio Pesce

Description

Thermoplastic feedstock used by fused deposition 3D printers to create a finished product. 3D printing filaments are available in a multitude of compositions and colors. Pigments or other additives are added to the material before it is melted to create colored filament or filament with special properties, e.g. increased strength or magnetic properties.

The process of transforming 3D printing filament into a 3D model

  • The filament is fed into the FDM 3D printer.
  • The thermoplastic is heated past its glass transition temperature inside the hotend.
  • The filament is extruded and deposited by an extrusion head onto a build platform where it cools.
  • The process is continuous, building up layers to create the model.

Comparison Table

Filament Type Pros Cons Print Temperature Common Applications AIC Oddy tests
Manufacturer: number(date range)
PLA (Polylactic Acid) Easy to print, low temperature, good surface finish, low odor, biodegradable Brittle, low heat resistance, can warp 180-230 C Prototyping, decorative objects, toys, temporary surgical implants
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) Strong, durable, high temperature resistance, good for functional parts, inexpensive Prone to warping, requires heated bed, strong odor, non-biodegradable 210-250 C Functional parts, mechanical parts, enclosures * Imaterialise: 1(2019)
PET (Polyester) High strength and durability, flexible, recyclable Medium printing difficulty 210-235 C Almost anything * Verbatim: 1(2018)
PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol) Easy to print, low odor, good strength and durability, food-safe (select grades), does not shrink or warp Can be scratched easily, can absorb moisture, not easy to print 210-235 C Food containers (select grades), bottles, mechanical parts * Keene Village Plastics: 1(2020)
Nylon (Polyamide) Very strong and durable, flexible, abrasion resistant, high temp resistance Absorbs moisture (proper storage needed), can be difficult to print, releases odor 220-260 C Functional parts, gears, bearings, tools * Taulman Bridge: 1(2018)
* Ultimaker: 4(2017-2018)
* Imaterialise: 2(2019)
* Shapeways 2(2019-2020)
PMMA (Acrylic) Strong, durable and rigid; Transparent and impact resistant 235-250 C light diffusers
PP (Polypropylene) Flexible, good chemical resistance Difficult to print 210-230 C Flexible components * Verbatim: 2(2018)
  • Tuscan Industries: 1(1997)
TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane) Flexible, elastic, impact resistant, good for flexible parts Can be difficult to print, requires specific settings 225-235 C Flexible parts, phone cases, gaskets, seals * Carbon3d: 1(2018)
* Keene Village Plastics: 1(2020)
PC (Polycarbonate) Extremely strong and durable, high temperature resistance, impact resistant Difficult to print, requires high temperature, prone to warping 270-310 C Functional parts, engineering prototypes, high-strength applications
ASA (Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate) UV resistant, weather resistant, strong, durable, good for outdoor use Similar to ABS in printing difficulty, can have strong odor 240-260 C Outdoor parts, automotive parts, weather-resistant applications
PEEK (Polyetheretherketone) Extremely high temperature resistance, chemically resistant, very strong Very expensive, very difficult to print, requires very high temperatures High-performance applications, aerospace, medical implants
Carbon Fiber Filled PLA Increased strength and stiffness, lightweight, improved dimensional stability Can be abrasive (wear on nozzles), more expensive 190-230 C Structural parts, drones, robotics
Wood Filled Unique aesthetic, can be sanded and stained, gives a wood-like appearance Can be brittle, more difficult to print than PLA, can absorb moisture 200-260 C Decorative objects, models, art projects
Metal filled (PLA or ABS) Realistic metal feel and weight, can be post-processed (e.g., polishing) Can be abrasive, printing needs fine tuning, more expensive 195-220 C Decorative objects, models, tools, jewelry * Shapeways: Aluminum (2017)
* Shapeways: Stainless steel (2017)
* Imaterialise: Alumide (2019)

Note: Many of the Oddy test results did not identify the polymeric composition. Additionally records for over 15 polyester copolymer filaments were listed on the AIC website.

Risks

Working Properties

Forms and Sizes

  • Common types are 1.75mm and 2.85mm

Physical and Chemical Properties

Resources and Citations

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