Difference between revisions of "Insecticide"
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1. Inorganic toxic compounds (e.g., soluble salts of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=arsenic arsenic], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=lead lead], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=mercury mercury], and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=copper copper]) are consumed and act as stomach poisons. Silica absorbs the outer waxy covering and desiccates insects. | 1. Inorganic toxic compounds (e.g., soluble salts of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=arsenic arsenic], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=lead lead], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=mercury mercury], and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=copper copper]) are consumed and act as stomach poisons. Silica absorbs the outer waxy covering and desiccates insects. | ||
| − | 2. Natural organic compounds (e.g., [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=pyrethrin pyrethrin], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=rotenone rotenone], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=nicotine nicotine], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=copper | + | 2. Natural organic compounds (e.g., [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=pyrethrin pyrethrin], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=rotenone rotenone], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=nicotine nicotine], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=copper%20naphthenate copper naphthenate], petroleum derivatives) are contact insecticides. |
3. Synthetic organic compounds such as chlorinated (e.g., [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=DDT DDT], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=aldrin aldrin], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=chlordane chlordane], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=lindane lindane]) contact insecticides are nonbiodegradable and many have been banned. Organic phosphates (e.g., [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=parathion parathion], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=diazinon diazinon], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=chloropyrifos chloropyrifos], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=dichlorvos dichlorvos], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=malathion malathion]) are toxic contact insecticides that are still in use. | 3. Synthetic organic compounds such as chlorinated (e.g., [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=DDT DDT], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=aldrin aldrin], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=chlordane chlordane], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=lindane lindane]) contact insecticides are nonbiodegradable and many have been banned. Organic phosphates (e.g., [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=parathion parathion], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=diazinon diazinon], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=chloropyrifos chloropyrifos], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=dichlorvos dichlorvos], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=malathion malathion]) are toxic contact insecticides that are still in use. | ||
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4. Insect growth regulators (e.g., [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=methoprene methoprene], hydroprene, and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=fenoxycarb fenoxycarb]) prevent larvae from becoming adults. | 4. Insect growth regulators (e.g., [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=methoprene methoprene], hydroprene, and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=fenoxycarb fenoxycarb]) prevent larvae from becoming adults. | ||
| − | 5. Fumigants (e.g., [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sulfuryl | + | 5. Fumigants (e.g., [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sulfuryl%20fluoride sulfuryl fluoride] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=methyl%20bromide methyl bromide]) are vapor phase insecticides that penetrate inaccessible locations. |
| − | 6. Anoxic storage using A href="fullrecord.asp?name=oxygen scavenger">oxygen scavengers ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Ageless | + | 6. Anoxic storage using A href="fullrecord.asp?name=oxygen scavenger">oxygen scavengers ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Ageless%C2%AE Ageless®], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=VELOXY%C2%AE VELOXY®]) in an airtight container kills all stages of insects (adults, eggs, larvae, and pupae). |
[[File:Insecticides_ground_forestryimages.org.jpg|thumb|Insecticide]] | [[File:Insecticides_ground_forestryimages.org.jpg|thumb|Insecticide]] | ||
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== Authority == | == Authority == | ||
| − | * | + | * Lynda A. Zycherman, J.Richard Schrock, ''A Guide to Museum Pest Control'', FAIC and Association of Systematics Collections, Washington DC, 1988 |
| − | * | + | * J. Dawson, ''CCI Technical Bulletin'', 'Solving Museum Insect Problems: Chemical Control' , Canadian Conservation Institute, Ottawa, No. 15 |
* ''Caring for your Collections'', Arthur W Schulz (ed.), Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , New York, 1992 | * ''Caring for your Collections'', Arthur W Schulz (ed.), Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , New York, 1992 | ||
| − | * | + | * Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, ''A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques'', Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981 |
| − | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Insecticide." | + | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Insecticide." Encyclopædia Britannica. 7 Sept. 2004 . |
* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | * ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | ||
| − | * | + | * Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997 |
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | ||
Revision as of 06:22, 24 July 2013
Description
Chemical products designed to kill insects. Insecticides can be classified as:
1. Inorganic toxic compounds (e.g., soluble salts of arsenic, lead, mercury, and copper) are consumed and act as stomach poisons. Silica absorbs the outer waxy covering and desiccates insects.
2. Natural organic compounds (e.g., pyrethrin, rotenone, nicotine, copper naphthenate, petroleum derivatives) are contact insecticides.
3. Synthetic organic compounds such as chlorinated (e.g., DDT, aldrin, chlordane, lindane) contact insecticides are nonbiodegradable and many have been banned. Organic phosphates (e.g., parathion, diazinon, chloropyrifos, dichlorvos, malathion) are toxic contact insecticides that are still in use.
4. Insect growth regulators (e.g., methoprene, hydroprene, and fenoxycarb) prevent larvae from becoming adults.
5. Fumigants (e.g., sulfuryl fluoride and methyl bromide) are vapor phase insecticides that penetrate inaccessible locations.
6. Anoxic storage using A href="fullrecord.asp?name=oxygen scavenger">oxygen scavengers (Ageless®, VELOXY®) in an airtight container kills all stages of insects (adults, eggs, larvae, and pupae).
Hazards and Safety
All insecticides are potentially toxic to humans and animals. Pyrethrins, rotenone and methoxychlor are the least toxic because they quickly decompose.
Additional Information
J.Dawson, "Solving Museum Insect Problems: Chemical Control" CCI Technical Bulletin No. 15.
Additional Images
Insecticide
Authority
- Lynda A. Zycherman, J.Richard Schrock, A Guide to Museum Pest Control, FAIC and Association of Systematics Collections, Washington DC, 1988
- J. Dawson, CCI Technical Bulletin, 'Solving Museum Insect Problems: Chemical Control' , Canadian Conservation Institute, Ottawa, No. 15
- Caring for your Collections, Arthur W Schulz (ed.), Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , New York, 1992
- Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Insecticide." Encyclopædia Britannica. 7 Sept. 2004 .
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000