Difference between revisions of "Composition"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | A thermoplastic molding material. Composition, or compo, was used for interior ornamental reliefs during the 18th century. It was very popular for the mass production of molded objects until the mid-20th century when it was replaced by plastics. Many recipes exist for composition. Early recipes were similar to [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=papier | + | A thermoplastic molding material. Composition, or compo, was used for interior ornamental reliefs during the 18th century. It was very popular for the mass production of molded objects until the mid-20th century when it was replaced by plastics. Many recipes exist for composition. Early recipes were similar to [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=papier%20m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9 papier mâché] except the [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=paper paper] was first reduced to a pulp, then one or more binders ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=animal%20glue animal glue], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=linseed%20oil linseed oil] and/or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=shellac shellac]) were added along with a [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=pigment pigment] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=filler filler] ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=plaster plaster], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=clay clay], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=alum alum], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=flour flour], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=chalk chalk], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sawdust sawdust], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=tissue%20paper tissue paper] and/or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=starch starch]). While warm, the mixture was pressed into molds where it cooled and hardened. Other materials such as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=egg eggs], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=wax waxes], and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=drier driers] were also added. Synthetic resins, such as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=cellulose%20nitrate cellulose nitrate], were mixed with sawdust to make inexpensive molded dolls in the early 20th century. |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
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== Additional Information == | == Additional Information == | ||
| − | J.Wetherall "The History and Techniques of Composition" in Gilding and Surface Decoration, UKIC Restoration, October 1991. | + | ° J.Wetherall "The History and Techniques of Composition" in Gilding and Surface Decoration, UKIC Restoration, October 1991. ° J.Thornton "Compo: The History and Technology of Plastic Compositions" AIC Preprints, Washington DC meeting, 1985. |
== Authority == | == Authority == | ||
Revision as of 06:23, 24 July 2013
Description
A thermoplastic molding material. Composition, or compo, was used for interior ornamental reliefs during the 18th century. It was very popular for the mass production of molded objects until the mid-20th century when it was replaced by plastics. Many recipes exist for composition. Early recipes were similar to papier mâché except the paper was first reduced to a pulp, then one or more binders (animal glue, linseed oil and/or shellac) were added along with a pigment and filler (plaster, clay, alum, flour, chalk, sawdust, tissue paper and/or starch). While warm, the mixture was pressed into molds where it cooled and hardened. Other materials such as eggs, waxes, and driers were also added. Synthetic resins, such as cellulose nitrate, were mixed with sawdust to make inexpensive molded dolls in the early 20th century.
Synonyms and Related Terms
compo
Additional Information
° J.Wetherall "The History and Techniques of Composition" in Gilding and Surface Decoration, UKIC Restoration, October 1991. ° J.Thornton "Compo: The History and Technology of Plastic Compositions" AIC Preprints, Washington DC meeting, 1985.
Authority
- Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996