Difference between revisions of "Silicon"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | A naturally occurring nonmetallic element. Silicon was discovered in 1787 by Lavoisier but not isolated until 1824 by Baron J. J. Berzelius, a Swedish chemist. It is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust (at 27.6%), but silicon does not occur free in nature. It is a major portion of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silica silica] ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sand sand], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=quartz quartz], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=flint flint], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=onyx onyx], etc.) and silicates ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=granite granite], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=clay clay], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=mica mica], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=talc talc], etc). Pure silicon is a hard, dark gray solid. It oxidizes in hot air to form a protective oxide layer. Silicon is used in the manufacture of electrical components (transistors, diodes, semiconductors, etc.), alloys ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silicon | + | A naturally occurring nonmetallic element. Silicon was discovered in 1787 by Lavoisier but not isolated until 1824 by Baron J. J. Berzelius, a Swedish chemist. It is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust (at 27.6%), but silicon does not occur free in nature. It is a major portion of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silica silica] ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sand sand], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=quartz quartz], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=flint flint], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=onyx onyx], etc.) and silicates ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=granite granite], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=clay clay], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=mica mica], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=talc talc], etc). Pure silicon is a hard, dark gray solid. It oxidizes in hot air to form a protective oxide layer. Silicon is used in the manufacture of electrical components (transistors, diodes, semiconductors, etc.), alloys ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silicon%20bronze silicon bronze], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silicon%20brass silicon brass], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=steel steel], etc.) and abrasives ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silicon%20carbide silicon carbide]). Silicon also forms stable [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silane silane], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=siloxane siloxane], and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silicone silicone] compounds. |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
| − | Si; silicium (Ned., Fr., Deut.) ; silicio (It, Esp.); | + | Si; silicium (Ned., Fr., Deut.) ; silicio (It, Esp.); Silício (Port.); Kisel (Sven.) |
== Other Properties == | == Other Properties == | ||
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
== Authority == | == Authority == | ||
| − | * | + | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 710 |
| − | * | + | * Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 |
* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | * ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | ||
| − | * | + | * Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997 |
* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8635 | * ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8635 | ||
| Line 62: | Line 62: | ||
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 | * Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 | ||
| − | * | + | * Website address 1 Comment: Web Elements at: http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Si/key.html gives discorvery date of 1824 by Jons Jacob Berzelius |
[[Category:Materials database]] | [[Category:Materials database]] | ||
Revision as of 06:34, 24 July 2013
Description
A naturally occurring nonmetallic element. Silicon was discovered in 1787 by Lavoisier but not isolated until 1824 by Baron J. J. Berzelius, a Swedish chemist. It is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust (at 27.6%), but silicon does not occur free in nature. It is a major portion of silica (sand, quartz, flint, onyx, etc.) and silicates (granite, clay, mica, talc, etc). Pure silicon is a hard, dark gray solid. It oxidizes in hot air to form a protective oxide layer. Silicon is used in the manufacture of electrical components (transistors, diodes, semiconductors, etc.), alloys (silicon bronze, silicon brass, steel, etc.) and abrasives (silicon carbide). Silicon also forms stable silane, siloxane, and silicone compounds.
Synonyms and Related Terms
Si; silicium (Ned., Fr., Deut.) ; silicio (It, Esp.); Silício (Port.); Kisel (Sven.)
Other Properties
Soluble in alkalis and a mixture of nitric and hydrofluoric acids. Insoluble in water, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid.
| Composition | Si (atomic no. 14) |
|---|---|
| CAS | 7440-21-3 |
| Mohs Hardness | 7.0 |
| Melting Point | 1410 |
| Density | 2.33 |
| Molecular Weight | atomic wt = 28.0855 |
| Boiling Point | 2355 |
Hazards and Safety
Powder is flammable. Sensitive to moisture. Contact may cause irritation.
Fisher Scientific: MSDS
Additional Information
Web Elements: Website
Authority
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 710
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
- The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8635
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 Comment: gives discovery date as 1823 by Baron Berzelius
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
- Website address 1 Comment: Web Elements at: http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Si/key.html gives discorvery date of 1824 by Jons Jacob Berzelius