Difference between revisions of "Caulking materials, generic"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | Any material used to fill or seal joints and openings. Many names have been used historically and commercially for these materials including | + | Any material used to fill or seal joints and openings. Many names have been used historically and commercially for these materials including: |
| − | caulking (noun); caulk (verb); calking (sp); cauking (sp.); sealant; putty; and spackle | + | caulking (noun); caulk (verb); calking (sp); cauking (sp.); sealant; putty; and spackle |
For this database, the term 'Caulking' will be used. This table tries to include most types of materials that have been used. For a specific comparison of commercial products, please see: | For this database, the term 'Caulking' will be used. This table tries to include most types of materials that have been used. For a specific comparison of commercial products, please see: | ||
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| Vinyl (polyvinyl acetate) or Acrylic emulsion in water with calcium carbonate, plasticizers | | Vinyl (polyvinyl acetate) or Acrylic emulsion in water with calcium carbonate, plasticizers | ||
| Reprosil | | Reprosil | ||
| − | | fill small gaps and blemishes in | + | | fill small gaps and blemishes in wood trim prior to painting |
| inexpensive; may be painted and used outdoors; may evolve trace acetic acid as it cures | | inexpensive; may be painted and used outdoors; may evolve trace acetic acid as it cures | ||
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| Butyl methacrylate, calcium carbonate, water | | Butyl methacrylate, calcium carbonate, water | ||
| Flugger | | Flugger | ||
| − | | fill small gaps and blemishes in | + | | fill small gaps and blemishes in wood trim prior to painting |
| inexpensive, fast-drying, and paintable; minimal shrinkage; used indoors | | inexpensive, fast-drying, and paintable; minimal shrinkage; used indoors | ||
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| − | + | [[Category:Materials database]][[MWG:Caulks]][[MWG:Comparisons]] | |
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| − | [[Category:Materials database]][[MWG:Caulks]] | ||
Revision as of 17:17, 10 September 2022
Description
Any material used to fill or seal joints and openings. Many names have been used historically and commercially for these materials including:
caulking (noun); caulk (verb); calking (sp); cauking (sp.); sealant; putty; and spackle
For this database, the term 'Caulking' will be used. This table tries to include most types of materials that have been used. For a specific comparison of commercial products, please see:
| Caulk/putty | Earliest use | Composition | Examples | Applications | Characteristics and Risks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fibers/Wood | ancient times | boats | |||
| Wax | ancient times | vessels | becomes soft with heat | ||
| Tar | ancient times | boats | |||
| Oil-based caulk (sometimes lead-based putty) | 19th-20th c. | 10-15% linseed oil with calcium carbonate, red or white lead and sometimes other inorganic fillers ( talc, alum, asbestos) | Seal window to frame, fill defects in wood and metal; surround pipe joint | Lead compounds accelerate drying; some components are toxic | |
| Cement putty | concrete | mortar | |||
| Gesso putty | gelatin with chalk | ||||
| Rubber (natural, vulcanized) | 19th c to WWII | gaskets, shock mounts, | waterproof, can crack due to ozone | ||
| Polysulfide (Thiokol) | 1950s | Any synthetic rubber vulcanized with sulfur (Neoprene, styrene-butadiene, polyisoprene) | Neoprene, Thiokol | o-rings, pipe linings, building joints, and as sealants to fill joints in pavements, and glass/metal connections. | may release sulfur; may contain PCBs; poor tensile strength; abrade easily; replaced in 1980s by silicone and urethane sealants |
| Butyl rubber | 1950s | Isobutylene-isoprene, talc calcium carbonate, mineral spirits, ahesion promoters | primarily used outdoors for metal and masonry joints that may expand and contract (gutters) | sticky and messy, but more resistant to sunlight than natural rubbers; combustible; paintable | |
| Acrylic (solvent-based) | 1958 | solvent cured acrylic resin with calcium carbonate, silica, solvent and plasticizer. | |||
| Silicone | 1960s | silicone resin cured with moisture or peroxides; may contain fumed silica, calcium carbonate, ground quartz, carbon black, talc, plasticizers, acetone,, methylene chloride. | Silastic, Clear Museum gel | used around plumbing fixtures; to caulk joints in bathroom tiles; seal gap on exterior walls/roofs around pipes and wirings | water-repellent; long-life; wide temperature range; mold/mildew resistant; not paintable; poor adhesion; may release acetic acid or methanol on cure; may have residual curing compounds and silicone oils; may stain porous materials; some silicone caulks contain latex making them paintable but less durable |
| Polyurethane elastomers | Polyurethane cured with moisture; calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aromatic naphthas and petroleum distillates; | Vulkem | primarily used for sealing cracks and expansion joints in driveways and other outdoor concrete surfaces. It's also suitable for filling and repairing cracks in masonry-stucco walls. | very durable; abrasion resistant; flexible at low temperatures; combustible producing toxic fumes; may release acetic acid on curing, aging, or deterioration; susceptible to hydrolysis that may decrease adhesion | |
| Vinyl latex | late 1960s | Vinyl (polyvinyl acetate) or Acrylic emulsion in water with calcium carbonate, plasticizers | Reprosil | fill small gaps and blemishes in wood trim prior to painting | inexpensive; may be painted and used outdoors; may evolve trace acetic acid as it cures |
| Acrylic latex | Butyl methacrylate, calcium carbonate, water | Flugger | fill small gaps and blemishes in wood trim prior to painting | inexpensive, fast-drying, and paintable; minimal shrinkage; used indoors |