Difference between revisions of "Pollutant"

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TABLE
 
TABLE
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Gas-phase pollutants are [[ozone|ozone]], [[hydrogen%20sulfide|hydrogen sulfide]], [[sulfur%20dioxide|sulfur dioxide]], [[nitrogen%20oxides|nitrogen oxides]], [[formaldehyde|formaldehyde]], [[formic%20acid|formic acid]], and [[acetic%20acid|acetic acid]].
 
  
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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! Pollutant
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! Sources
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! Collection Rsks
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|-
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| Sulfur  dioxide; sulfuric acid
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| Fuel combustion, pulp and paper  production, biological activity, pyrite oxidation, vulcanized rubber,  proteinaceous materials inside enclosures
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| Metal corrosion, dye fading,  cellulose embrittlement, photograph deterioration, leather “red-rot”, pigment  darkening, reaction with calcareous materials
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|-
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| Ozone
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| Smog, photocopiers, laser  printers, electrostatic particle filters; UV light sources, arc welders
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| Rubber, cellulose and protein  embrittlement, dye, ink and pigment discoloration, photograph and book  deterioration
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|-
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| Nitrogen  oxides; nitric acid
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| Biological processes, fuel  combustion, cellulose nitrate decomposition, tobacco smoke, photocopiers
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| Cellulose and protein  embrittlement, dye, ink and pigment discoloration, photographic film  deterioration
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|-
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| Sulfides;  hydrogen sulfide
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| Fuel combustion, humans, natural  gas,  marshes, volcanoes, wool, silk,  felt, furs, vulcanized rubber, waterlogged archaeological organic materials,  pyrite collections
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| Metal corrosion, photograph  ”silver mirroring” and redox spots, leather ”redrot”, lead pigment darkening,  stone deterioration; paper and fabric discoloration
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|-
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| Acetaldehyde;  acetic acid
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| Fuel combustion; wood  (especially oak, cedar, etc.) and wood products, biological processes, PVC  flooring, laminated materials, paints, adhesives, sealants, tobacco smoke,  cellulose acetate decomposition; acetaldehyde is a precursor of acetic acid
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| Metal corrosion, reaction with  calcareous materials, cellulose and protein embrittlement, degradation of  soda-rich glass, enamels, and pigments; acidification of paper
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|-
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| Formaldehyde;  formic acid
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| Fuel combustion, wood and wood  products, resins, oil-based paints, natural history specimens, fiberglass,  photocopiers, textiles, construction materials,  PVC carpeting, laminates, tobacco smoke,  gas ovens, adhesives, sealants;  formaldehyde is a precursor of formic acid
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| Metal corrosion, reaction with  calcareous materials, cellulose and, protein embrittlement, discoloration of  dyes, pigments, and textiles; acidification of paper
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|-
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| Particulates
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| Combustion residues (soot, smog,  smoke, flyash), construction (roads, buildings, vehicles), humans  (proteins),  fibers (lint), biological  specimens (spores, pollen), soil (dust, salt)
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| Some objects are difficult to  clean (feathers, minerals, microcracks, sticky objects, etc.); Dust can cause  disfiguration of objects, attract    pests, and scratch  soft  surfaces by friction.
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|-
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| Water  vapor
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| Water vapor from visitors,  water-based paints, and adhesives, wet cleaning activities and outdoor  environment;
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| Can produce both physical and  chemical deterioration; fluctuations can damage wood products; hydrolysis of  cellulosic materials including cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate;  objects with salts, gelatin, natural varnish are susceptible; causes oxides  to convert to acids
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|}
  
  

Revision as of 13:55, 17 July 2023

Description

A gaseous, Aerosol, or Particulate contaminant. Pollutants are generated by natural and man-made sources, such as decomposition, abrasion, or combustion. Pollutants may be damaging or toxic to the environment, people, and materials. Currently the pollutants with the highest outdoor concentrations generally occur in big cities (Nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, Ozone, Carbon monoxide, particulates) or near smoke stacks (Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides). Very dense (Haze, or combination of smoke and fog, is called smog. Indoor air pollutants (organic acids, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, ozone, particulates, etc) are emitted from construction materials (wood, insulation, carpets, paints), office machines (copiers, printers) or are transported inside from the outdoor environment. The concentration of air pollutants may be decreased by minimizing sources or by reacting or absorbing the pollutants from the air. Once inside a museum, pollutants can deposit and interact deleteriously with museum materials. Scavengers are used to minimize the concentration of air pollutants in contained spaces.

TABLE

Pollutant Sources Collection Rsks
Sulfur dioxide; sulfuric acid Fuel combustion, pulp and paper production, biological activity, pyrite oxidation, vulcanized rubber, proteinaceous materials inside enclosures Metal corrosion, dye fading, cellulose embrittlement, photograph deterioration, leather “red-rot”, pigment darkening, reaction with calcareous materials
Ozone Smog, photocopiers, laser printers, electrostatic particle filters; UV light sources, arc welders Rubber, cellulose and protein embrittlement, dye, ink and pigment discoloration, photograph and book deterioration
Nitrogen oxides; nitric acid Biological processes, fuel combustion, cellulose nitrate decomposition, tobacco smoke, photocopiers Cellulose and protein embrittlement, dye, ink and pigment discoloration, photographic film deterioration
Sulfides; hydrogen sulfide Fuel combustion, humans, natural gas, marshes, volcanoes, wool, silk, felt, furs, vulcanized rubber, waterlogged archaeological organic materials, pyrite collections Metal corrosion, photograph ”silver mirroring” and redox spots, leather ”redrot”, lead pigment darkening, stone deterioration; paper and fabric discoloration
Acetaldehyde; acetic acid Fuel combustion; wood (especially oak, cedar, etc.) and wood products, biological processes, PVC flooring, laminated materials, paints, adhesives, sealants, tobacco smoke, cellulose acetate decomposition; acetaldehyde is a precursor of acetic acid Metal corrosion, reaction with calcareous materials, cellulose and protein embrittlement, degradation of soda-rich glass, enamels, and pigments; acidification of paper
Formaldehyde; formic acid Fuel combustion, wood and wood products, resins, oil-based paints, natural history specimens, fiberglass, photocopiers, textiles, construction materials, PVC carpeting, laminates, tobacco smoke, gas ovens, adhesives, sealants; formaldehyde is a precursor of formic acid Metal corrosion, reaction with calcareous materials, cellulose and, protein embrittlement, discoloration of dyes, pigments, and textiles; acidification of paper
Particulates Combustion residues (soot, smog, smoke, flyash), construction (roads, buildings, vehicles), humans (proteins), fibers (lint), biological specimens (spores, pollen), soil (dust, salt) Some objects are difficult to clean (feathers, minerals, microcracks, sticky objects, etc.); Dust can cause disfiguration of objects, attract pests, and scratch soft surfaces by friction.
Water vapor Water vapor from visitors, water-based paints, and adhesives, wet cleaning activities and outdoor environment; Can produce both physical and chemical deterioration; fluctuations can damage wood products; hydrolysis of cellulosic materials including cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate; objects with salts, gelatin, natural varnish are susceptible; causes oxides to convert to acids


Synonyms and Related Terms

pollutants; air pollutants; pollution

Resources and Citations

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