Difference between revisions of "Disinfectant"
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A chemical or physical treatment that inhibits or kills microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoans). By the mid-19th century, disinfectants, such as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=phenol phenol] (carbolic acid) and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=iodine iodine], were recognized for their ability to reduce infractions. Currently the following major classes of chemical disinfecting compounds are used: | A chemical or physical treatment that inhibits or kills microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoans). By the mid-19th century, disinfectants, such as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=phenol phenol] (carbolic acid) and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=iodine iodine], were recognized for their ability to reduce infractions. Currently the following major classes of chemical disinfecting compounds are used: | ||
| − | - Heavy metals and their compounds: [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=copper copper], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silver silver] (silver sulfadiazing, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silver | + | - Heavy metals and their compounds: [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=copper copper], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silver silver] (silver sulfadiazing, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silver%20nitrate silver nitrate]), and mercury ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=merthiolate merthiolate], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=mercuric%20chloride mercuric chloride]) |
| − | - Halogens: iodine ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=betadine betadine]), and chlorine compounds ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=chlorine | + | - Halogens: iodine ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=betadine betadine]), and chlorine compounds ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=chlorine%20dioxide chlorine gas], sodium [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sodium%20hypochlorite sodium hypochlorite], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=chloramine%20T chloramine], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=hexachlorophene hexachlorophene], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=chlorhexidine chlorhexidine]) |
| − | - Alcohols: [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ethyl | + | - Alcohols: [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ethyl%20alcohol ethanol], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=isopropyl%20alcohol isopropanol] |
| − | - Coal tar compounds ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=cresol cresol], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=creosote | + | - Coal tar compounds ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=cresol cresol], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=creosote%20oil%20%28wood%29 creosote], phenol, phenolics) and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=pine%20oil pine oil] |
- Surfactants: both cationic and anionic detergents | - Surfactants: both cationic and anionic detergents | ||
| − | - Gas phase disinfectants: [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ozone ozone], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ethylene | + | - Gas phase disinfectants: [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ozone ozone], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ethylene%20oxide ethylene oxide], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sulfur%20dioxide sulfur dioxide], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=formaldehyde formaldehyde], chlorine gas |
- Ammonia: quaternary ammonia compounds kill gram positive bacteria | - Ammonia: quaternary ammonia compounds kill gram positive bacteria | ||
| − | - Oxidizers: ozone, ethylene oxide; [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=hydrogen | + | - Oxidizers: ozone, ethylene oxide; [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=hydrogen%20peroxide hydrogen peroxide] |
| − | - Aldehydes and organic acids: formaldehyde, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=glutaraldehyde glutaraldehyde], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sorbic | + | - Aldehydes and organic acids: formaldehyde, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=glutaraldehyde glutaraldehyde], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sorbic%20acid sorbic acid], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=citric%20acid citric acid], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=benzoic%20acid benzoic acid] Physical methods of disinfection include: |
- Radiation: infrared (heat sterilization) and ultraviolet light (surface only) | - Radiation: infrared (heat sterilization) and ultraviolet light (surface only) | ||
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== Authority == | == Authority == | ||
| − | * | + | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 271 |
| − | * | + | * Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 |
* ''A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms'', Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998 | * ''A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms'', Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998 | ||
| − | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Disinfectant." | + | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Disinfectant." Encyclopædia Britannica. 7 Sept. 2004 . |
* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | * ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | ||
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* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 | * Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 | ||
| − | * | + | * Website address 1 Comment: swyslwyg://76/htp://mindquest.net/biology/microbiology/outlines/u_cgrwth.html |
[[Category:Materials database]] | [[Category:Materials database]] | ||
Revision as of 06:50, 24 July 2013
Description
A chemical or physical treatment that inhibits or kills microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoans). By the mid-19th century, disinfectants, such as phenol (carbolic acid) and iodine, were recognized for their ability to reduce infractions. Currently the following major classes of chemical disinfecting compounds are used:
- Heavy metals and their compounds: copper, silver (silver sulfadiazing, silver nitrate), and mercury (merthiolate, mercuric chloride)
- Halogens: iodine (betadine), and chlorine compounds (chlorine gas, sodium sodium hypochlorite, chloramine, hexachlorophene, chlorhexidine)
- Alcohols: ethanol, isopropanol
- Coal tar compounds (cresol, creosote, phenol, phenolics) and pine oil
- Surfactants: both cationic and anionic detergents
- Gas phase disinfectants: ozone, ethylene oxide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, chlorine gas
- Ammonia: quaternary ammonia compounds kill gram positive bacteria
- Oxidizers: ozone, ethylene oxide; hydrogen peroxide
- Aldehydes and organic acids: formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, sorbic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid Physical methods of disinfection include:
- Radiation: infrared (heat sterilization) and ultraviolet light (surface only)
- Moist heat: boiling or steam autoclaving
- Pasteurization: heating and cooling cycles
- Filtration: laminar flow fume hoods
- Low Temperature: stops growth but does not kill all spores
- Desiccation: prevents growth and replication but does not kill spores
- Osmotic pressure:
Synonyms and Related Terms
antiseptic; germicide; biocide
Hazards and Safety
Mercury compounds are poisonous. Many antiseptic cause skin irritation.
Authority
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 271
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms, Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Disinfectant." Encyclopædia Britannica. 7 Sept. 2004 .
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
- Website address 1 Comment: swyslwyg://76/htp://mindquest.net/biology/microbiology/outlines/u_cgrwth.html