Difference between revisions of "Natron"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | 1) An old name for native [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sodium | + | 1) An old name for native [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sodium%20carbonate sodium carbonate]. Sodium carbonate occurs as a mixture of the minerals thermonatrite (hydrate), natron (decahydate), and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=trona trona] (sesquicarbonate). |
2) A naturally occurring mineral composed of sodium carbonate decahydrate. | 2) A naturally occurring mineral composed of sodium carbonate decahydrate. | ||
| − | 3. The name 'natron' is commonly used for the natural mixture of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=salt salts] obtained from the dry lake beds and mineral deposits. Its composition can vary widely: sodium carbonate (5-75%), [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sodium | + | 3. The name 'natron' is commonly used for the natural mixture of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=salt salts] obtained from the dry lake beds and mineral deposits. Its composition can vary widely: sodium carbonate (5-75%), [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sodium%20bicarbonate sodium bicarbonate] (5-32%), [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sodium%20chloride sodium chloride] (0-62%), [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sodium%20sulfate%2C%20anhydrous sodium sulfate] (0-70%), [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silica silica] (3-10%), [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=water water], and insoluble components (0-17%: such as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=calcium%20carbonate calcium carbonate], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=magnesium%20carbonate magnesium carbonate], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=alumina alumina], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ferric%20oxide iron oxide], and organic matter). In ancient Egypt, natron was used for making [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=incense incense], manufacturing [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=glass glass], for bleaching [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=linen linen], and as a [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=preservative preservative] in the mummification process. |
[[File:pn31267natron.jpg|thumb|Natron]] | [[File:pn31267natron.jpg|thumb|Natron]] | ||
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== Authority == | == Authority == | ||
| − | * | + | * R. Mayer, ''The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques'', Viking Press, New York, 1981 |
| − | * | + | * A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries'', Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962 |
| − | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "sodium carbonate; thermonatrite" | + | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "sodium carbonate; thermonatrite" Encyclopædia Britannica [Accessed September 23, 2002 |
| − | * | + | * Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 |
| − | * | + | * Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985 |
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | ||
Revision as of 06:51, 24 July 2013
Description
1) An old name for native sodium carbonate. Sodium carbonate occurs as a mixture of the minerals thermonatrite (hydrate), natron (decahydate), and trona (sesquicarbonate).
2) A naturally occurring mineral composed of sodium carbonate decahydrate.
3. The name 'natron' is commonly used for the natural mixture of salts obtained from the dry lake beds and mineral deposits. Its composition can vary widely: sodium carbonate (5-75%), sodium bicarbonate (5-32%), sodium chloride (0-62%), sodium sulfate (0-70%), silica (3-10%), water, and insoluble components (0-17%: such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, alumina, iron oxide, and organic matter). In ancient Egypt, natron was used for making incense, manufacturing glass, for bleaching linen, and as a preservative in the mummification process.
Synonyms and Related Terms
natrite; soda; mineral alkali; sodium carbonate decahydrate; sodium sequicarbonate; natron (Fr., It.)
| Composition | Na2CO3.10H2O |
|---|
Additional Information
A. Lucas, J.R. Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 1962, p. 493-494.
Authority
- R. Mayer, The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, Viking Press, New York, 1981
- A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "sodium carbonate; thermonatrite" Encyclopædia Britannica [Accessed September 23, 2002
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998