Difference between revisions of "Buffer"
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A chemical or combination of chemicals that minimizes the change in pH of a solution when an acid or alkali is added. Buffers are usually a weak acid (or base) paired with its conjugate salt. Many natural substances, such as sea water, soil and blood contain buffers. Examples of buffer pairs are: | A chemical or combination of chemicals that minimizes the change in pH of a solution when an acid or alkali is added. Buffers are usually a weak acid (or base) paired with its conjugate salt. Many natural substances, such as sea water, soil and blood contain buffers. Examples of buffer pairs are: | ||
| − | - [ | + | - [[Acetic acid]] / [[sodium acetate]]: buffers at 4.6 |
- Monobasic potassium phosphate / dibasic sodium phosphate: buffers at 6.8 | - Monobasic potassium phosphate / dibasic sodium phosphate: buffers at 6.8 | ||
| − | - [ | + | - [[Ammonium chloride]] / [[ammonium hydroxide]]: buffers at 9.2 |
| − | - [ | + | - [[Sodium bicarbonate]] / [[sodium carbonate]]: buffers at 10.0 |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
Revision as of 11:48, 9 January 2014
Description
A chemical or combination of chemicals that minimizes the change in pH of a solution when an acid or alkali is added. Buffers are usually a weak acid (or base) paired with its conjugate salt. Many natural substances, such as sea water, soil and blood contain buffers. Examples of buffer pairs are:
- Acetic acid / Sodium acetate: buffers at 4.6
- Monobasic potassium phosphate / dibasic sodium phosphate: buffers at 6.8
- Ammonium chloride / Ammonium hydroxide: buffers at 9.2
- Sodium bicarbonate / Sodium carbonate: buffers at 10.0
Synonyms and Related Terms
"Puffer (Deut.); tampon (Fr.); pH buffer; buffers
Authority
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings, J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990
- Bernard Toale, The Art of Papermaking, Davis Publications, Portland OR, 1983
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000