Difference between revisions of "Gall"
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File:Oak.galls_damage2_forestryimages.org.jpg|Gall | File:Oak.galls_damage2_forestryimages.org.jpg|Gall | ||
File:Oak.galls_damage3_forestryimages.org.jpg|Gall | File:Oak.galls_damage3_forestryimages.org.jpg|Gall | ||
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File:oak and chrome D2.jpg|Oak gall | File:oak and chrome D2.jpg|Oak gall | ||
File:oak galls potash2.jpg|Oak gall | File:oak galls potash2.jpg|Oak gall | ||
File:oak galls and copperas2.jpg|Oak gall | File:oak galls and copperas2.jpg|Oak gall | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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== Sources Checked for Data in Record == | == Sources Checked for Data in Record == | ||
Revision as of 13:47, 20 April 2020
![thumb]Gallnut powder](/wiki/File:Gallnut_powder_1.jpg)
Description
An abnormal growth on trees, usually oaks (Quercus infectoria) in Europe and the Near East and on sumacs (Rhus semialata) in China and Japan. Galls are formed when gall-wasp eggs are deposited on tree branches. The nutlike gall grows until the larvae are completely enveloped. The mature insect bores a hole through the gall in order to escape. Bluish-green galls, gathered before the insect escapes, are richest in gallotannic acid, though all galls contain 36-60% tannins. The tannins have been used for centuries for vegetable tanning of Leather. When galls are combined with Ferrous sulfate, a black dye is produced; alone, they produce a gray dye. Gall extract was also used as a Mordant in the preparation of writing inks.
Synonyms and Related Terms
galls (pl.); Gallapfel (Deut.); agallas (Esp.); noix de galle (Fr.); galla (It.); galappel (Ned.); noz de galha (Port.); nutgalls; gallnuts; noix de galle; oak apples; oak gall nuts; huur nuts; tamarisk gallo; pistacia gall; aleppo gall; Chinese gall; gall-nuts
Additional Images
Gallnuts
Gall
Gall
Gall
Oak gall
Oak gall
Oak gall
Sources Checked for Data in Record
- Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
- Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
- Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "gall" Encyclopædia Britannica [Accessed October 9, 2001]. (picture)
- F. Crace-Calvert, Dyeing and Calico Printing, Palmer & Howe, London, 1876
- Judith Hofenk-de Graaff, Natural Dyestuffs: Origin, Chemical Constitution, Identification, Central Research Laboratory for Objects of Art and Science, Amsterdam, 1969
- J. Thornton, 'The Use of Dyes and Colored Varnishes in Wood Polychromy', Painted Wood: History and Conservation, The Getty Conservation Insitute, Los Angeles, 1998