Para red
Description
A class of bright cherry-red synthetic organic colorants. Para red was first synthesized in 1880 (see discrepancies listed in refs). The dye is made by reacting beta-naphthol with paranitroaniline, a coal-tar derivative. Different shades are obtained by varying temperature and pH of the mixture. Para reds have fair lightfastness but are not used in artists paints because of bleeding. They were previously used industrially in metal finishes and printing inks but have been replaced with more durable colors. Even though para red produces a brilliant color when applied to cellulose fabrics, it is not used as a textile dye due to its water solubility. It is widely used in paints and for printing.
Synonyms and Related Terms
paranitraniline red; Pigment Red 1; CI 12070; p-nitrobenzene-azo-beta-naphthol; Pararot (Deut.); rouge para (Fr.); pararood (Ned.); Signal red; para toner;
Risks
- Ingestion can cause cyanosis.
- Inhalation and contact may cause irritation.
- Suspected carcinogen and mutagen; not approved for use in food
- Fisher Scientific: MSDS
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Insoluble in water and ethanol.
- Composition = C16H11N3O3 (mol. wt.=293.27)
- CAS = 6410-10-2
- Melting Point = 248-252 C
Resources and Citations
- A. Schaening, M. Schreiner, D. Jembrih-Simbuerger, 'Identification and Classification of Synthetic Organic Pigments of a Collection of the 19th and 20th century by FTIR' The Sixth Infrared and Raman Users Group Conference (IRUG6), Florence Italy, 2004. Comments: introduced in 1895; once widely used for paints and printing but now only used for industrial printing.
- R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: first made by Mssrs Holliday and Sons in England in 1880
- Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
- A.Scharff, 'Synthetic dyestuffs for textiles and their fastness to washing', ICOM-CC Preprints Lyon, Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1999 Comment: first made in 1880 by Holliday
- B. Berrie, S.Q. Lomax, 'Azo Pigments: Their History, Synthesis, Properties and Use in Artists' Materials', Studies in the History of Art , National Gallery of Art, Washington DC, No. 57, 1997 - first synthesized in 1895.
- M. de Keijzer, 'A survey of red and yellow modern synthetic organic artists pigments discovered in the 20th century and used in oil colors', ICOM Preprints Lyons, France, Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, p. 369, 1999 Comment: first made by Gallois and Ullrich in 1885
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
- Monona Rossol, The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide, Allworth Press, New York, 1994
- Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
- Website: www.straw.com/sig/dyehist - first made in 1885 by von Gallois and Ullrich
- Wikipedia: Para Red - first made by von Gallois and Ullrich in 1880