Carpet
Description
A thick heavy floor covering. Carpets are made from wool, silk, or fiber synthetic fibers. Famous carpet making centers include Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, India and China. Major European factories were founded in Brussels and Kidderminster. Early rugs were flat-woven; by the 14th century, hand-knotted pile rugs with a backing system were introduced in Asia. The types of knots used are characteristic of their region of production. Looms for weaving carpet were first patented in England in 1749 and by the early 19th century, machine-tufted rugs were commercially available. Until the 1960's most rugs were made from wool, but by 1980, most machine-made carpets were composed of synthetic fibers, such as fiber nylon (Antron), fiber polypropylene (fiber olefin), fiber polyester, fiber acrylic (Orlon), and fiber saran. As of 1999, most carpets are made from nylon; it offers wear resistance and resiliency but must be treated to improve stain resistance and decrease static charge. Polyester is soft and easily cleaned but does not wear as well as nylon. Acrylic feels like wool and has low static electricity. Olefin is strong and durable; it is used in indoor outdoor carpets.
Synonyms and Related Terms
rugs; tapete (Esp., Port.); alfombra (Esp.); tapis (Fr.); vloerkleed (Ned);
Hazards and Safety
Wool carpeting may emit sulfur containing gases.
Additional Information
M.Roberts, "Carpet", The Dictionary of Art Grove's Dictionaries, Inc., New York, 1996.
Additional Images
Synthetic carpet fiber
Synthetic carpet fiber
Synthetic carpet fiber cross section
Authority
- R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
- Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
- Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
- Pam Hatchfield, Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002