Difference between revisions of "Azo dye"
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A large group of synthetic dyestuffs containing one or more nitrogen double bond (azo) groups as its chromophore. Azo chromophores were first discovered in 1863 when Martius and Lightfoot coupled diazonium ions and amines. Within the year, Peter Greiss prepared Bismarck brown, the first azo dye. By the 1880s numerous other azo dyes, such as para red and primuline red, were developed. Since that time, most modern dyestuffs have been derived from diazotized aromatic amines, and hence are sometimes known as diazo dyes. The simplest azo dyes are yellow, but changing the number of chromophores or the backbone structure can produce red, violet, blue and even black dyes. Azo dyes are used as textile colorants, and well as in industrial paints, printing inks, varnishes, plastics, crayons and other products. In recent years, many high performance azo pigments have been developed that meet the stringent lightfastness requirements required for artwork (Berrie and Lomax 1997). | A large group of synthetic dyestuffs containing one or more nitrogen double bond (azo) groups as its chromophore. Azo chromophores were first discovered in 1863 when Martius and Lightfoot coupled diazonium ions and amines. Within the year, Peter Greiss prepared Bismarck brown, the first azo dye. By the 1880s numerous other azo dyes, such as para red and primuline red, were developed. Since that time, most modern dyestuffs have been derived from diazotized aromatic amines, and hence are sometimes known as diazo dyes. The simplest azo dyes are yellow, but changing the number of chromophores or the backbone structure can produce red, violet, blue and even black dyes. Azo dyes are used as textile colorants, and well as in industrial paints, printing inks, varnishes, plastics, crayons and other products. In recent years, many high performance azo pigments have been developed that meet the stringent lightfastness requirements required for artwork (Berrie and Lomax 1997). | ||
| − | See also [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=naphthol naphthol], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=beta | + | See also [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=naphthol naphthol], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=beta%20naphthol%20pigment beta naphthol pigment], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=para%20red para red], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Lithol%20red Lithol red], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=arylide arylide], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=diarylide diarylide], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=nickel-azo nickel-azo], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=disazo%20pigment disazo pigment], and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=benzimidazolone benzimidazolone]. |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
| − | diazo dyes; azo pigments; coal tar colors; ice colors; arylide dyes; Azofarbstoff (Deut.); colorante azoico (Esp.); colorants | + | diazo dyes; azo pigments; coal tar colors; ice colors; arylide dyes; Azofarbstoff (Deut.); colorante azoico (Esp.); colorants azoïques (Fr.); colorants azo (Fr.); colorante azoico (It.); corante azo (Port.) |
== Hazards and Safety == | == Hazards and Safety == | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
== Additional Information == | == Additional Information == | ||
| − | B.Berrie, S.Q.Lomax, "Azo Pigments: Their History, Synthesis, Properties and Use in Artists' Materials" in ''Studies in the History of Art'', No.57, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC, 1997. | + | ° B.Berrie, S.Q.Lomax, "Azo Pigments: Their History, Synthesis, Properties and Use in Artists' Materials" in ''Studies in the History of Art'', No.57, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC, 1997. ° Colorants Industry History at [http://colorantshistory.org colorantshistory.org] |
== Authority == | == Authority == | ||
| − | * | + | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 284 |
| − | * | + | * Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) |
| − | * | + | * Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 |
| − | * | + | * Hoechst Celanese Corporation, ''Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology'' (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990 |
* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | * ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | ||
| − | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "azo dye" | + | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "azo dye" Encyclopædia Britannica [Accessed April 1, 2002 |
| − | * | + | * Website address 1 Comment: Meredith Dorner "Early Dye History And The Introduction of Synthetic Dyes Before The 1870s" -http://www.smith.edu/hsc/silk/Papers/meredith.html |
| − | * | + | * Thomas B. Brill, ''Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities'', Plenum Press, New York City, 1980 |
* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azo_dye (Accessed Jan. 15, 2006) | * Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azo_dye (Accessed Jan. 15, 2006) | ||
Revision as of 07:49, 24 July 2013
Description
A large group of synthetic dyestuffs containing one or more nitrogen double bond (azo) groups as its chromophore. Azo chromophores were first discovered in 1863 when Martius and Lightfoot coupled diazonium ions and amines. Within the year, Peter Greiss prepared Bismarck brown, the first azo dye. By the 1880s numerous other azo dyes, such as para red and primuline red, were developed. Since that time, most modern dyestuffs have been derived from diazotized aromatic amines, and hence are sometimes known as diazo dyes. The simplest azo dyes are yellow, but changing the number of chromophores or the backbone structure can produce red, violet, blue and even black dyes. Azo dyes are used as textile colorants, and well as in industrial paints, printing inks, varnishes, plastics, crayons and other products. In recent years, many high performance azo pigments have been developed that meet the stringent lightfastness requirements required for artwork (Berrie and Lomax 1997).
See also naphthol, beta naphthol pigment, para red, Lithol red, arylide, diarylide, nickel-azo, disazo pigment, and benzimidazolone.
Synonyms and Related Terms
diazo dyes; azo pigments; coal tar colors; ice colors; arylide dyes; Azofarbstoff (Deut.); colorante azoico (Esp.); colorants azoïques (Fr.); colorants azo (Fr.); colorante azoico (It.); corante azo (Port.)
Hazards and Safety
Some azo dyes are highly toxic and carcinogenic.
Additional Information
° B.Berrie, S.Q.Lomax, "Azo Pigments: Their History, Synthesis, Properties and Use in Artists' Materials" in Studies in the History of Art, No.57, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC, 1997. ° Colorants Industry History at colorantshistory.org
Authority
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 284
- Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "azo dye" Encyclopædia Britannica [Accessed April 1, 2002
- Website address 1 Comment: Meredith Dorner "Early Dye History And The Introduction of Synthetic Dyes Before The 1870s" -http://www.smith.edu/hsc/silk/Papers/meredith.html
- Thomas B. Brill, Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities, Plenum Press, New York City, 1980
- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azo_dye (Accessed Jan. 15, 2006)