Difference between revisions of "Gypsum cement"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | A group of cements that are produced from calcined [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=gypsum gypsum]. Gypsum cement is also called gypsum concrete. In general, gypsum cements set slower and are more easily worked than [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Plaster | + | A group of cements that are produced from calcined [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=gypsum gypsum]. Gypsum cement is also called gypsum concrete. In general, gypsum cements set slower and are more easily worked than [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Plaster%20of%20Paris Plaster of Paris]. Many various formulations for gypsum cement are used. Initially, the gypsum is calcined at high temperatures to remove the bound water. The resultant [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=anhydrite anhydrite] (anhydrous calcium sulfate) is mixed with a salt solution (i.e., [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=alum alum], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=borax borax], or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=cream%20of%20tartar cream of tartar]) then recalcined. Some contain [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sand sand], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=hair hair], or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=straw straw] as extenders and many may contain small amounts of salts ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=potassium%20sulfate potassium sulfate]) as accelerants. Organic materials ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=blood blood], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=glue glue], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=casein casein]) and weak acids ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=citric%20acid citric acid], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=boric%20acid boric acid]) can act as retardants. |
Examples of gypsum cements include: | Examples of gypsum cements include: | ||
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== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
| − | + | plâtre (Fr.); gesso (Port.); gypsum plaster; gypsum concrete; plaster of Paris; Keene's cement; Parian cement; Martin's cement; Mack's cement; Scott's cement; Spence's plaster | |
== Additional Information == | == Additional Information == | ||
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== Authority == | == Authority == | ||
| − | * | + | * R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 |
| − | * | + | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 286 |
| − | * | + | * Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 |
* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996 | * ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996 | ||
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* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 | * Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 | ||
| − | * | + | * Irving Skeist, ''Handbook of Adhesives'', Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1977 |
[[Category:Materials database]] | [[Category:Materials database]] | ||
Revision as of 07:52, 24 July 2013
Description
A group of cements that are produced from calcined gypsum. Gypsum cement is also called gypsum concrete. In general, gypsum cements set slower and are more easily worked than Plaster of Paris. Many various formulations for gypsum cement are used. Initially, the gypsum is calcined at high temperatures to remove the bound water. The resultant anhydrite (anhydrous calcium sulfate) is mixed with a salt solution (i.e., alum, borax, or cream of tartar) then recalcined. Some contain sand, hair, or straw as extenders and many may contain small amounts of salts (potassium sulfate) as accelerants. Organic materials (blood, glue, casein) and weak acids (citric acid, boric acid) can act as retardants.
Examples of gypsum cements include:
- Keene's cement - anhydrite mixed with alum or aluminum sulfate.
- Mack's cement - anhydrite mixed with sodium or potassium sulfate.
- Martin's cement - anhydrite mixed with potassium carbonate.
- Parian cement - anhydrite mixed with borax.
- Scott's cement - anhydrite mixed with lime.
- Spence's plaster - anhydrite mixed with portland cement, sand, aluminum sulfate.
Synonyms and Related Terms
plâtre (Fr.); gesso (Port.); gypsum plaster; gypsum concrete; plaster of Paris; Keene's cement; Parian cement; Martin's cement; Mack's cement; Scott's cement; Spence's plaster
Additional Information
J.H.Wills, "Inorganic Adhesives and Cements" in Handbook of Adhesives, I.Skeist (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1977. p.117-138.
Authority
- R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 286
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
- Irving Skeist, Handbook of Adhesives, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1977