Difference between revisions of "Manila copal"
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''Agathis dammara''; manilla copal (Br.); copal de Manila (Esp.); copale di Manila (It); Manila resin; manilla | ''Agathis dammara''; manilla copal (Br.); copal de Manila (Esp.); copale di Manila (It); Manila resin; manilla | ||
| − | == | + | == Risks == |
| − | + | * Combustible, burning with a bright flame, dense smoke and strong smell. | |
| − | + | == Physical and Chemical Properties == | |
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| − | == | + | * Soluble in ether, methanol, and ethanol. Partially soluble in amyl alcohol. Insoluble in water. |
| + | * Most copals fluoresce white in short-wave UV light. | ||
| + | * Saponification number = 178 | ||
| + | * Acid number = 128. | ||
| + | * Melting Point = 230-250 C | ||
| + | * Density = 1.062 g/ml | ||
| + | * Refractive Index = 1.544 | ||
| − | + | ==Resources and Citations== | |
| − | + | * K.van den Berg, J.van der Horst, J.Boon, "Recognition of Copals in Aged Resin/oil Paints and Varnishes" in ICOM Preprints, Lyon, 1999. p.855-861. | |
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| − | K.van den Berg, J.van der Horst, J.Boon, "Recognition of Copals in Aged Resin/oil Paints and Varnishes" in ICOM Preprints, Lyon, 1999. p.855-861. | ||
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* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 | * R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 | ||
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* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 | * Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 | ||
| − | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Copal." | + | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Copal." Accessed 14 Apr. 2004. |
| − | * Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, | + | * Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 |
| − | * | + | * "Copal: An Immature and Controversial Resin" at www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/copal.htm |
[[Category:Materials database]] | [[Category:Materials database]] | ||
Revision as of 09:37, 17 October 2022
Description
A soft variety of Copal resin obtained from the Agathis dammara trees native to the Philippines and Indonesia. Manila copal is a diterpenoid resin composed primarily of polycommunic acid. Copals were used in the 18th and 19th centuries for varnishes and resin/oil media. Manila copals were also used in many Fixative recipes.
Synonyms and Related Terms
Agathis dammara; manilla copal (Br.); copal de Manila (Esp.); copale di Manila (It); Manila resin; manilla
Risks
- Combustible, burning with a bright flame, dense smoke and strong smell.
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Soluble in ether, methanol, and ethanol. Partially soluble in amyl alcohol. Insoluble in water.
- Most copals fluoresce white in short-wave UV light.
- Saponification number = 178
- Acid number = 128.
- Melting Point = 230-250 C
- Density = 1.062 g/ml
- Refractive Index = 1.544
Resources and Citations
- K.van den Berg, J.van der Horst, J.Boon, "Recognition of Copals in Aged Resin/oil Paints and Varnishes" in ICOM Preprints, Lyon, 1999. p.855-861.
- R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 227; synonym Boea copal
- Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Copal." Accessed 14 Apr. 2004.
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
- "Copal: An Immature and Controversial Resin" at www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/copal.htm