Difference between revisions of "Methyl alcohol"

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== Description ==
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#REDIRECT [[Methanol]]
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A clear, colorless, slightly volatile solvent with a slight alcoholic smell. Methyl alcohol, commonly known as methanol, was discovered in 1661 by R. Boyle. It is made by the destructive distillation of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=wood wood], peat, and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=lignite lignite] as well as by the partial oxidation of natural gas hydrocarbons. Methanol is highly polar and is usually a better solvent than [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ethyl%20alcohol ethanol]. It is used in the manufacture of several organic compounds. Methanol is also used as a solvent for [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=lacquer%2C%20synthetic lacquers], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=shellac shellac], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=rosin rosin], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=dye dyes], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=oil oils], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=paint%20remover paint removers], and degreasing compounds. Because of its toxicity, methanol is used to denature ethanol.
 
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== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 
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methanol (IUPAC); wood alcohol; wood spirits; pyroxylic spirit; wood naphtha; methyl hydrate; methylic alcohol; Columbian spirits; carbinol
 
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|methyl alcohol.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
 
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== Other Properties ==
 
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Miscible with water, ethanol, ether, benzene, ketones and most other organic solvents.  Methanol burns with a pale blue flame.
 
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{| class="wikitable"
 
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|-
 
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! scope="row"| Composition
 
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| CH3OH
 
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|-
 
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! scope="row"| CAS
 
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| 67-56-1
 
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! scope="row"| Melting Point
 
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| -97.8
 
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|-
 
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! scope="row"| Density
 
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| 0.7866
 
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! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
 
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| mol. wt.=32.04
 
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! scope="row"| Refractive Index
 
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| 1.326-1.329
 
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! scope="row"| Boiling Point
 
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| 64.7
 
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|}
 
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== Hazards and Safety ==
 
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Flammable.  Flash point = 12 C (54 F) 
 
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Dangerous fire risk. Forms an explosive mixture with air. 
 
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Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Ingestion of small amounts will cause blindness.
 
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LINK: [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0057.html International Chemical Safety Card]
 
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== Authority ==
 
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* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966
 
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* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 505
 
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* Reed Kay, ''The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials'', Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
 
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* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
 
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* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
 
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* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, ''Technology and Conservation'', Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
 
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* Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
 
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* Kurt Wehlte, ''The Materials and Techniques of Painting'', Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975
 
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* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: entry 6024; ref. index = 1.329
 
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* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "Methanol." Encyclopædia Britannica. 7 July 2004  .
 
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* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
 
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* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
 
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* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
 
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* ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980  Comment: ref. index=1.326
 
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[[Category:Materials database]]
 

Latest revision as of 03:39, 10 February 2016

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