Difference between revisions of "Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG)"

Revision as of 13:01, 10 December 2022

File:Yttrium-aluminum garnet (synthetic gemstone)1.jpg

Yttrium-aluminum garnet (synthetic gemstone); Wikipedia

Description

A synthetic crystalline material composed of yttrium aluminum oxide. The name, yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is technically inaccurate, as garnet is a silicate mineral, but its properties are similar to garnets. Chemically, YAG is corundum (Al2O3) with some of the aluminum replaced by yttrium. Synthetic yttrium iron garnets (YIG) and yttrium aluminum garnets (YAG) are used as microwave bandpass filters in in lasers and communication networks. Single-crystal YAGs are also used for making artificial diamonds and gemstones. Colored variants and their doping elements include:

green (chromium)
blue (cobalt)
red (manganese)
yellow (titanium)
blue/pink/purple (neodymium, depending on light source)
pink, and orange.

The faceted synthetic gems have high clarity, durability, high refractive index and dispersion. YAG cuts and polishes like natural garnet, but it also has low heat sensitivity.

Raman spectrum of green synthetic YAG gemstone; RRUFF

Synonyms and Related Terms

yttrium garnet; yttrium iron garnet (YIG);

Commercial names: diamite; diamonite; diamogen; Linde simulated diamond; triamond

Physical and Chemical Properties

Luster= vitreous
Fracture = conchoidal
Fluorescence = none to moderate (colorless stones); none (blue and pink stones); strong yellow with phosphorescence (yellow stones); strong red in LW (green stones)
Birefringence = none

Composition	Y₃Al₅O₁₂
Mohs Hardness	8.5
Density	4.5-4.6 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.82-1.84
Dispersion	0.028 (weak fire)

Comparisons

Natural and Simulated Diamonds

Resources and Citations

Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.

G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 178

Web Elements at http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Y/hist.html

Wikipedia: Yttrium aluminum garnet

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:Yttrium-aluminum garnet (synthetic gemstone) 1.jpg|thumb|Yttrium-aluminum garnet (synthetic gemstone); [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yttrium-aluminum_garnet_(synthetic_gemstone)_1.jpg Wikipedia]]
+[[File:Yttrium-aluminum garnet (synthetic gemstone)1.jpg|thumb|Yttrium-aluminum garnet (synthetic gemstone); [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yttrium-aluminum_garnet_(synthetic_gemstone)_1.jpg Wikipedia]]]
 == Description ==
-a synthetic gemstone called "YAG" - yttrium aluminum garnet, Y3Al5O12. The name is inaccurate, as garnet is a silicate mineral and this material has no silicon - it's actually yttrium aluminum oxide. This chemical does not exist naturally as a mineral, but is essentially corundum (Al2O3) with some of the aluminum replaced by yttrium. YAG is produced as a diamond simulant, but is softer, with a hardness between 8 and 9 on the Mohs Scale.
+A synthetic crystalline material composed of yttrium aluminum oxide. The name, yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is technically inaccurate, as garnet is a silicate mineral, but its properties are similar to garnets. Chemically, YAG is corundum (Al2O3) with some of the aluminum replaced by yttrium. Synthetic yttrium iron garnets (YIG) and yttrium aluminum garnets (YAG) are used as microwave bandpass filters in in lasers and communication networks. Single-crystal YAGs are also used for making artificial diamonds and gemstones. Colored variants and their doping elements include:
-A synthetic crystalline material of the garnet group. Synthetic yttrium iron garnets (YIG) and yttrium aluminum garnets (YAG) are used as microwave bandpass filters in communication networks. Single-crystal YAGs are also used in lasers and for making artificial diamonds and gemstones. Colored variants and their doping elements include:
 * green (chromium)
 * blue (cobalt)
@@ Line 10: / Line 9: @@
 * pink, and orange.
-The faceted synthetic gems have high clarity, durability, high refractive index and dispersion. YAG cuts like natural garnet, with polishing being performed with alumina or diamond (50,000 or 100,000 grit) on common polishing laps. YAG has low heat sensitivity.
+The faceted synthetic gems have high clarity, durability, high refractive index and dispersion. YAG cuts and polishes like natural garnet, but it also has low heat sensitivity.
+[[File:YAG Raman RRUFF R110105.png|thumb| Raman spectrum of green synthetic YAG gemstone; [https://rruff.info/yttrium/display=default/R110105 RRUFF]]]
 == Synonyms and Related Terms ==