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• Electron microscope
  ...es secondary electrons to be emitted from the surface of the sample. These electrons are detected and imaged. Electron microscopes can provide magnifications up
  1 KB (179 words) - 14:12, 1 August 2022
• Scanning electron microscope
  ...nd analysis. Electrons that are ejected from the sample, called secondary electrons, are collected and translated into a picture of the sample's surface. X-ra
  1 KB (166 words) - 12:35, 20 June 2023
• Electron emission radiography
  ...ct, they are absorbed and secondary electrons (photo-electrons and Compton electrons) are emitted. Those created in a thin upper surface of the examinated objec
  2 KB (223 words) - 11:49, 29 October 2020
• Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis
  ...beam of x-ray photons to ionize inner core electrons in the sample. These electrons are ejected and measured to identify the elements in the surface of the sam
  834 bytes (112 words) - 11:14, 1 August 2022
• Electron diffraction
  ...When a directed beam of electrons impinges on a crystalline material, the electrons are diffracted in a geometric pattern (diffraction pattern) that correspond
  1 KB (138 words) - 14:10, 1 August 2022
• Beta radiation
  High-energy electrons (from some keV to some MeV) emitted by certain types of radioactive isotope
  350 bytes (45 words) - 15:08, 15 August 2013
• Electron transmission radiography
  ...0-400 kV) is used to irradiate the lead foil causing it to emit low energy electrons (through photoelectric effect and/or Compton effect) which in turn pass thr electron radiography; radiographie par electrons secondaires (Fr.); Sekunderelektronenradiographie (Deut.); radiografia de e
  2 KB (265 words) - 10:45, 29 October 2020
• Oxidation
  ...tion reaction where electrons are transferred, the oxidized material loses electrons. Oxidation is a degradation process that is usually irreversible. One examp
  2 KB (222 words) - 13:42, 8 September 2022
• Cathodoluminescence
  ...of [[luminescence]] produced by a material when it is excited by a beam of electrons (e.g. cathode ray tube). Cathodoluminescence is the source of illumination
  758 bytes (102 words) - 08:46, 24 May 2022
• Radiometric dating methods
  ...par, zircon). Heating or illuminating the object will release the captured electrons, producing a luminescence. ...mple is heated, at a certain temperature it will glow from the emission of electrons released from the defects, and this glow can be used to estimate the age of
  3 KB (453 words) - 15:26, 25 August 2022
• Radiographic flat panel detector
  ...n the potential of the bias voltage charge. As the holes are replaced with electrons, the resultant charge pattern in the selenium layer is read out by a TFT ar
  2 KB (293 words) - 15:19, 6 June 2022
• Electron capture detector
  ...ns a radioactive Nickel (63Ni) plate that emits a cloud of beta particles (electrons). Electronegative compounds, such as halogenated materials, are ionized by
  901 bytes (125 words) - 14:09, 1 August 2022
• Electron spin resonance spectroscopy
  ...e that uses a strong magnetic field to examine the spin states of unpaired electrons. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy has been used to compare marble
  840 bytes (112 words) - 11:15, 1 August 2022
• Halogen
  ...]], [[iodine]], [[bromine]], and [[astatine]]. Halogens have seven valence electrons in their outer shell which makes them eager to gain an electron to complete
  988 bytes (130 words) - 14:14, 30 August 2022
• UV/Vis spectroscopy
  ...and depends on whether transitions involve nonbonding or bonding (π or π*) electrons. The position of absorption of the radiation depends on the degree of conju
  1 KB (170 words) - 12:48, 20 June 2023
• Fluorescence spectroscopy
  ...nvolves using a beam of light, usually ultraviolet light, that excites the electrons in molecules of certain compounds and causes them to emit light; typically,
  1 KB (164 words) - 12:55, 20 June 2023
• Galvanic corrosion
  ...presence of water or high humidity. The electrochemical difference causes electrons to flow from one metal to the other. The less noble metal, in this case zin
  1 KB (150 words) - 12:43, 25 July 2022
• Light emitting diode
  ...ight is emitted at a very narrow range of wavelengths by the transition of electrons between energy levels. These early red light emitting LEDs emitted low leve
  1 KB (182 words) - 14:03, 7 October 2022
• Microscope
  ...is son Zacharias, and Hans Lippershey. Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons to form images of 1,000 to 1,000,000 times magnifications. Other special m
  1 KB (187 words) - 15:03, 26 July 2022
• Mass spectrometry
  ...common ways of doing this are bombarding the sample either with a beam of electrons (electron ionization) or with small molecules such as methane (chemical ion
  2 KB (226 words) - 12:32, 20 June 2023

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