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...lly occurring dark brown earth named for a city in central Germany. Cassel earth, also known as [[Vandyke brown]], contains organic humus or coal material m ...e brown; Castle earth; Castile earth; Cullens earth; Colens earth; Collens earth

...etc. The name 'mineral' was often used to describe compounds dug from the earth, such as [[mineral wax]] and [[mineral spirits]]. This is, in general, an Natural-occurring, solid mixture of minerals are called rocks. A rock is character

A natural earth brown pigment ranging in color from a dark yellow to a deep reddish brown. * R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982

...e dyes]], are also prepared in this manner for use as paint pigments. Lake pigments are used in painting, printing inks, plastic colorants, and coated fabrics. lakes; lake pigments; laca (Esp., Port.)

...r oil glazes. Some substitutes, such as Vandyke brown and bituminous earth pigments, were also sold under the name of mummy. Egyptian brown; Natural Brown 11; mummy brown; Mumienbraun (Deut.); momie (Fr.);

...0black|carbon black]] and [[iron%20oxide%20red|iron oxide]] mixtures. When natural Vandyke brown is ignited, the pigment leaves a soft gray residue. It is not ...(Esp.); Cassel earth; Cassel's earth; cologne earth; Cassel brown; Kassel earth; ulmin brown; bruno Vandyck; Ruben's brown; coal brown; sap brown dye

.... Sanguine most often refers to the red hue produced by natural red earth pigments. The color of sanguine can range from a dark reddish brown to blood red.

...nts ([[light%20red|light red]]). All iron oxide reds are stable, permanent pigments with good tinting strength. Iron oxides generally provide the color in oche * Pigments Through the Ages - http://webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/redochre.html

A natural yellow earth mineral primarily composed of [[goethite|goethite]] (iron hydroxide) or [[l ...onite; jarosite; yellow ochre; iron ocher; ocre jaune (Fr.); yellow earth; earth yellow; Mars yellow; gold ochre; raw sienna; French ochre; raw umber

...ndation for [[gold%20leaf|gold leaf]]. Armenian bole is also used as a red earth pigment. * R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982

...iron oxides which produces a dark brown pigment with a reddish tone. Both pigments have good hiding power but burnt umber is more transparent than raw umber. * R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982

A pale yellowish brown natural earth pigment that contains [[manganese%20dioxide|manganese dioxide]] and [[ferri * R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982

...epared pigments ([[light red]]). All iron oxide reds are stable, permanent pigments with good tinting strength and are the primary colorant in ochers and sienn ...large (Forbes MFA 70) 50X resize.tif~Raman (MFA)|MFA- Red oxide, Spanish, natural.jpg~FTIR|PIG72.jpg~XRD|fkhaemsem.jpg~SEM|fkhaemedsbw.jpg~EDS]]]

...nt]], [[agate]], and [[sand]]. The fossil form of silica is [[diatomaceous earth]]. All forms of silica are inert, unaffected by heat, insoluble in strong a ...span="2" | quartz, sand, quartzite, sandstone, flint agate, diatomaceous earth

A natural yellow or brown dye obtained from the root the ''Curcuma domestica'' (or '' ...e a dull green shade. The fugitive colorant was also used to make [[yellow pigments]] and to tint varnishes. Turmeric is currently used as a flavoring agent in

...alk, also known as precipitated chalk, is whiter and more homogeneous than natural chalk. Pearl white is made from calcined oyster shells. ...limestone, whiting; lime white; marl; travertine; Pigment White 18; white earth; English white; Paris white; drop chalk

The natural, non-solid material in petroleum deposits. Bitumen or crude oil, is compos * R.White "Brown and Black Organic Glazes, Pigments and Paints" ''National Gallery Technical Bulletin'', 10:58-71, 1986.

...silica|silicon dioxide]]. Quartz is one of the most common minerals in the earth's crust and occurs as grains ([[sand]]), masses ([[agate]], [[bloodstone]], [[media:download_file_446.pdf|Natural and Simulated Diamonds]]

* '''"Characterization of Yellow and Red Natural Organic Colorants on Japanese Woodblock Prints by EEM Fluorescence Spectros ...acteristic excitation/emission patterns that were used to identify several natural colorants, including safflower, madder, sappanwood, gamboge, flavonoids, be

...igment is most likely to be orpiment (arsenic trisulfide), the most common natural yellow colorant that contains arsenic. ...manufactured, and this artificial pigment cannot be distinguished from the natural mineral by XRF alone. There is also another yellow-colored arsenic sulfide