Difference between revisions of "Charcoal"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | A black, porous | + | A lightweight, black, porous [[carbon]] containing residue from burned wood (e.g., [[willow]], [[maple]], [[beech]], [[linden]] or [[plum (tree)|plum]]) or other organic containing materials such as bone, plants or animals. Charcoal contains 80 to 98% carbon with some ash and moisture. Charcoal has been used since ancient times as a drawing material and pigment (see [[charcoal black]]). Charcoal is also sold as a fuel, abrasive, sorbent, filter media, and decolorizer. Modern charcoal briquettes used for outdoor cooking may contain many other additives, e.g. [[coal]]. |
[[File:image7_charcoal.jpg|thumb|Charcoal]] | [[File:image7_charcoal.jpg|thumb|Charcoal]] | ||
| − | See also [[activated carbon]], | + | See also [[activated carbon]], [[charcoal crayon]] and [[bone black]]. |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
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trækul (Dan.); negro carbón (Esp.); carbón vegetal (Esp.); Holzkohle (Deut.); charbon de bois (Fr.); karboyno (Gr.); carbonella (It.); carbone (It.); carbo ligni (Lat.); houtskool zwart (Ned.); carvão vegetal (Port.) | trækul (Dan.); negro carbón (Esp.); carbón vegetal (Esp.); Holzkohle (Deut.); charbon de bois (Fr.); karboyno (Gr.); carbonella (It.); carbone (It.); carbo ligni (Lat.); houtskool zwart (Ned.); carvão vegetal (Port.) | ||
| − | [[[SliderGallery rightalign|PIG508.jpg~XRD|f508sem.jpg~SEM|f508edsbw.jpg~EDS]]] | + | [[[SliderGallery rightalign|PIG508.jpg~XRD|f508sem.jpg~SEM|f508edsbw.jpg~EDS|Slide14 F508.PNG~XRF]]] |
== Risks == | == Risks == | ||
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* Tiny wood splinters may be visible microscopically. | * Tiny wood splinters may be visible microscopically. | ||
* Density = oak=0.57; pine=0.28-0.44 | * Density = oak=0.57; pine=0.28-0.44 | ||
| + | * ASTM (1999) lightfastness = I (excellent) | ||
| + | * Refractive Index = opaque | ||
== Additional Images == | == Additional Images == | ||
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* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) | * Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) | ||
* R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982 | * R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982 | ||
| − | * Wikipedia: | + | * Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal Charcoal] (Accessed Sept. 2 2005 and March 2025) |
* ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density for oak=0.57; pine=0.28-0.44 | * ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density for oak=0.57; pine=0.28-0.44 | ||
* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 | * Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 | ||
Latest revision as of 11:33, 13 March 2025
Description
A lightweight, black, porous Carbon containing residue from burned wood (e.g., Willow, Maple, Beech, Linden or plum) or other organic containing materials such as bone, plants or animals. Charcoal contains 80 to 98% carbon with some ash and moisture. Charcoal has been used since ancient times as a drawing material and pigment (see Charcoal black). Charcoal is also sold as a fuel, abrasive, sorbent, filter media, and decolorizer. Modern charcoal briquettes used for outdoor cooking may contain many other additives, e.g. Coal.
See also Activated carbon, Charcoal crayon and Bone black.
Synonyms and Related Terms
trækul (Dan.); negro carbón (Esp.); carbón vegetal (Esp.); Holzkohle (Deut.); charbon de bois (Fr.); karboyno (Gr.); carbonella (It.); carbone (It.); carbo ligni (Lat.); houtskool zwart (Ned.); carvão vegetal (Port.)
Risks
- Fire risk. May ignite spontaneously in air.
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Tiny wood splinters may be visible microscopically.
- Density = oak=0.57; pine=0.28-0.44
- ASTM (1999) lightfastness = I (excellent)
- Refractive Index = opaque
Additional Images
Charcoal
Willow charcoal sticks
Charcoal mark on paper
Charcoal
Resources and Citations
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 182
- Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
- R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
- Wikipedia: Charcoal (Accessed Sept. 2 2005 and March 2025)
- CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density for oak=0.57; pine=0.28-0.44
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998