Difference between revisions of "Alizarin, natural"
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| − | [[File:rubiatintoriaPD1.jpg|thumb|Madder plant | + | [[File:rubiatintoriaPD1.jpg|thumb|Madder plant ''Rubia tinctoria'']] |
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| − | ''Rubia tinctoria'']] | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
| + | [[File:03 W.Madder.jpg|thumb|Western madder]] | ||
| − | Natural alizarin is a red colorant extracted along with [[purpurin|purpurin]] from the roots of the [[madder|madder]] plant, ''Rubia tinctorum'' L.. The chemical name for alizarin is 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone. It has been used as a dye and pigment since ancient times. The colorant was first isolated in 1862 by Colin and Robiquet in France. The synthetic form of alizarin was first made in 1868 by Carl Graebe and Carl Lieberman, from [[anthracene|anthracene]]. The natural colorant was no longer used as a textile dye after the commercial introduction of the [[alizarin%2C%20synthetic|synthetic alizarin]] in 1871. | + | Natural alizarin is a red colorant extracted along with [[purpurin|purpurin]] from the roots of the [[madder|madder]] plant, ''Rubia tinctorum'' L.. The chemical name for alizarin is 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone. It has been used as a dye and pigment since ancient times. The colorant was first isolated in 1862 by Colin and Robiquet in France. The synthetic form of alizarin was first made in 1868 by German chemists Carl Graebe and Carl Lieberman, from [[anthracene|anthracene]]. The natural colorant was no longer used as a textile dye after the commercial introduction of the [[alizarin%2C%20synthetic|synthetic alizarin]] in 1871. |
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| + | * See [[https://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Category:Natural_Dyes '''Dye Analysis''' (madder)]] | ||
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
''Rubia tinctorum L.''; Natural Red 9, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12; CI 75330; madder; alizarine; 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone; seiyo-akane (Jap.); alitsariini (Fin.); alizarine (Fr.); alizarina (Esp.); alizarina (It.); alizarina, natural (Port.) | ''Rubia tinctorum L.''; Natural Red 9, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12; CI 75330; madder; alizarine; 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone; seiyo-akane (Jap.); alitsariini (Fin.); alizarine (Fr.); alizarina (Esp.); alizarina (It.); alizarina, natural (Port.) | ||
| − | + | [[File:MFA 30.121.JPG|thumb|Painted cotton fragment<br>MFA# 30.121]] | |
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| − | + | == Physical and Chemical Properties == | |
| − | + | * Alizarin is soluble in hexane and chloroform | |
| − | + | * Melting point = 277-278 C | |
| + | * Refractive Index = 1.70 | ||
| − | == | + | == Resources and Citations == |
| − | * H.Schweppe, J.Winter, "Madder and Alizarin", ''Artists Pigments'', | + | * H.Schweppe, J.Winter, "Madder and Alizarin", ''Artists Pigments'', Vol. 3, E. West FitzHugh (ed.), Oxford University Press:Oxford, 1997. |
* Pigments Through the Ages: [http://webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/alizarin.html Madder Lake] | * Pigments Through the Ages: [http://webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/alizarin.html Madder Lake] | ||
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* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 | ||
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 | * R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 | ||
| − | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Alizarin." | + | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Alizarin." Accessed 19 Sep, 2003. |
* Reed Kay, ''The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials'', Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983 | * Reed Kay, ''The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials'', Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983 | ||
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* R.Feller, M.Curran, C.Bailie, 'Identification of Traditional Organic Colorants Employed in Japanese Prints and Determination of their Rates of Fading', ''Japanese Woodblock Prints'', Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, Oberlin, 1984 | * R.Feller, M.Curran, C.Bailie, 'Identification of Traditional Organic Colorants Employed in Japanese Prints and Determination of their Rates of Fading', ''Japanese Woodblock Prints'', Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, Oberlin, 1984 | ||
| − | * Website | + | * Website: http://www.coloria.net/varita.htm - Finnish name |
| − | * Website | + | * Website: pigments/indiv/technical/alizarin.html RI=1.70 for alizarin, and 1.66 for madder lake |
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 | * Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 | ||
Latest revision as of 12:13, 22 June 2022
Description
Natural alizarin is a red colorant extracted along with Purpurin from the roots of the Madder plant, Rubia tinctorum L.. The chemical name for alizarin is 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone. It has been used as a dye and pigment since ancient times. The colorant was first isolated in 1862 by Colin and Robiquet in France. The synthetic form of alizarin was first made in 1868 by German chemists Carl Graebe and Carl Lieberman, from Anthracene. The natural colorant was no longer used as a textile dye after the commercial introduction of the synthetic alizarin in 1871.
- See [Dye Analysis (madder)]
Synonyms and Related Terms
Rubia tinctorum L.; Natural Red 9, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12; CI 75330; madder; alizarine; 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone; seiyo-akane (Jap.); alitsariini (Fin.); alizarine (Fr.); alizarina (Esp.); alizarina (It.); alizarina, natural (Port.)
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Alizarin is soluble in hexane and chloroform
- Melting point = 277-278 C
- Refractive Index = 1.70
Resources and Citations
- H.Schweppe, J.Winter, "Madder and Alizarin", Artists Pigments, Vol. 3, E. West FitzHugh (ed.), Oxford University Press:Oxford, 1997.
- Pigments Through the Ages: Madder Lake
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
- R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Alizarin." Accessed 19 Sep, 2003.
- Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
- Thomas B. Brill, Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities, Plenum Press, New York City, 1980
- R.Feller, M.Curran, C.Bailie, 'Identification of Traditional Organic Colorants Employed in Japanese Prints and Determination of their Rates of Fading', Japanese Woodblock Prints, Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, Oberlin, 1984
- Website: http://www.coloria.net/varita.htm - Finnish name
- Website: pigments/indiv/technical/alizarin.html RI=1.70 for alizarin, and 1.66 for madder lake
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000