Difference between revisions of "Hafnium"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | A shiny, ductile metallic element first identified in 1923. Hafnium has an abundance in the earth's crust of about 5 ppm. It is found in the minerals [ | + | A shiny, ductile metallic element first identified in 1923. Hafnium has an abundance in the earth's crust of about 5 ppm. It is found in the minerals [[zircon]], cyrtolite, alvite, and malacon. Hafnium occurs naturally with [[zirconium]] and the two metals are very difficult to separate. It is used as a neutron absorbing material in nuclear reactors, as a filament in lightbulbs and as a cathode in x-ray tubes. Hafnium is also used as an oxygen and nitrogen scavenger. |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
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Hf; afnio (It.); Háfnio (Port.); hafnio (Esp.) | Hf; afnio (It.); Háfnio (Port.); hafnio (Esp.) | ||
| − | == | + | == Risks == |
| + | |||
| + | * Toxic by inhalation. | ||
| + | * Powder is explosive in air. | ||
| + | * Sigma-Aldrich: [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/266752 SDS (powder)] | ||
| + | ==Physical and Chemical Properties== | ||
Soluble in warm HCl and sulfuric acid. Resistant to weak acids and their salts. | Soluble in warm HCl and sulfuric acid. Resistant to weak acids and their salts. | ||
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! scope="row"| Melting Point | ! scope="row"| Melting Point | ||
| − | | 2227-2233 | + | | 2227-2233 C |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Density | ! scope="row"| Density | ||
| − | | 13.3 | + | | 13.3 g/ml |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight | ! scope="row"| Molecular Weight | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Boiling Point | ! scope="row"| Boiling Point | ||
| − | | 4602-4603 | + | | 4602-4603 C |
|} | |} | ||
| − | == | + | ==Resources and Citations== |
| − | + | * Web Elements: [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Hf/key.html Website] | |
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| − | Web Elements: [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Hf/key.html Website] | ||
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* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 | * Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 | ||
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* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | ||
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[[Category:Materials database]] | [[Category:Materials database]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:47, 30 August 2022
Description
A shiny, ductile metallic element first identified in 1923. Hafnium has an abundance in the earth's crust of about 5 ppm. It is found in the minerals Zircon, cyrtolite, alvite, and malacon. Hafnium occurs naturally with Zirconium and the two metals are very difficult to separate. It is used as a neutron absorbing material in nuclear reactors, as a filament in lightbulbs and as a cathode in x-ray tubes. Hafnium is also used as an oxygen and nitrogen scavenger.
Synonyms and Related Terms
Hf; afnio (It.); Háfnio (Port.); hafnio (Esp.)
Risks
- Toxic by inhalation.
- Powder is explosive in air.
- Sigma-Aldrich: SDS (powder)
Physical and Chemical Properties
Soluble in warm HCl and sulfuric acid. Resistant to weak acids and their salts.
| Composition | Hf (atomic no. 72) |
|---|---|
| CAS | 7440-58-6 |
| Mohs Hardness | 5.5 |
| Melting Point | 2227-2233 C |
| Density | 13.3 g/ml |
| Molecular Weight | atomic wt = 178.49 |
| Boiling Point | 4602-4603 C |
Resources and Citations
- Web Elements: Website
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998