Difference between revisions of "Viscose rayon"

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[[File:75 v.rayon yarn 200X pol.jpg|thumb|Viscose rayon yarn]]
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[[File:Viscose dress MFA.jpg|thumb|Viscose rayon dress<br>MFA# 2013.1585]]
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[[File:75 v.rayon yarn 200X.jpg|thumb|Viscose rayon yarn at 200x]]
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[[File:75 v.rayon yarn 200X pol.jpg|thumb|Viscose rayon yarn at 200 x polarized light]]
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
  
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Rayon produced from [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=cellulose cellulose] dissolved in [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sodium hydroxide sodium hydroxide], then treated with [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=carbon disulfide carbon disulfide] to form an orange viscous solution of cellulose xanthate ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=viscose viscose]). The process for making viscose was discovered in 1892 by Charles Cross and Edward Bevan in England. Soon after the turn of the century, several companies began manufacturing viscose rayon and it quickly became the most important natural polymer fiber. Viscose has good washability and fair abrasion resistance. It dyes well and has good sunlight resistance. It is dyed with direct dyes at low temperatures. Viscose rayons are used for woven and nonwoven fabrics, rubbers, felts, tire cords, and cellophane.  
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Rayon produced from [[cellulose|cellulose]] dissolved in [[sodium%20hydroxide|sodium hydroxide]], then treated with [[carbon%20disulfide|carbon disulfide]] to form an orange viscous solution of cellulose xanthate ([[viscose|viscose]]). The process for making viscose was discovered in 1892 by Charles Cross and Edward Bevan in England. Soon after the turn of the century, several companies began manufacturing viscose rayon and it quickly became the most important natural polymer fiber. Viscose has good washability and fair abrasion resistance. It dyes well and has good sunlight resistance. It is dyed with direct dyes at low temperatures. Viscose rayons are used for woven and nonwoven fabrics, rubbers, felts, tire cords, and cellophane.  
  
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See also [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=rayon fiber rayon].
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See also [[rayon%20fiber|rayon]].
  
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[[File:75 v.rayon yarn 200X.jpg|thumb|Viscose rayon yarn]]
 
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
  
 
cellophane; rayon; viscose; Avtex; regenerated cellulose; artificial silk; wood silk; kuntsilke (Dan.); Kunstseide (Deut.); Viskosefasern (Deut.); viscose (Fr.); rayon viscosa (It.); rayon (Ned., Sven.)
 
cellophane; rayon; viscose; Avtex; regenerated cellulose; artificial silk; wood silk; kuntsilke (Dan.); Kunstseide (Deut.); Viskosefasern (Deut.); viscose (Fr.); rayon viscosa (It.); rayon (Ned., Sven.)
  
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|viscose250m.jpg~SEM|viscose1200m.jpg~SEM]]]
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|ViscoseTestfabrics.jpg~FTIR|viscose250m.jpg~SEM|viscose1200m.jpg~SEM|Rayonsynthvt.jpg~Chemical process for viscose rayon]]]
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== Collection Risks ==
  
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== Other Properties ==
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'''Links to Oddy Test results posted on AIC Wiki Materials Database Pages for individual materials below'''
  
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Insoluble in most organic solvents. Viscose fibers have continuous lengthwise striations. Cross sections were originally circular with indentations; now may be dog bone or trilobal. Tenacity = 2.0-2.6 g/denier (dry); 1.0-1.5 (wet);  Moisture regain = 11-16.6%;    Elongation = 15-13%; (dry); 20-40% (wet) 
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° Khoon Heng show case fabric 65% polyester, 35% [http://www.conservation-wiki.com/wiki/Oddy_Test_Results:_Exhibition_Fabrics#Viscose0005 viscose] tested in 2017 <br>
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° Khoon Heng show case fabric 65% polyester, 35% [http://www.conservation-wiki.com/wiki/Oddy_Test_Results:_Exhibition_Fabrics#Viscose0004 viscose] tested in 2017 <br>
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° Khoon Heng show case fabric 65% polyester, 35% [http://www.conservation-wiki.com/wiki/Oddy_Test_Results:_Exhibition_Fabrics#Viscose0003 viscose] tested in 2017 <br>
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° John Ranger Textiles, Serge 65% polyester, 35% [http://www.conservation-wiki.com/wiki/Oddy_Test_Results:_Exhibition_Fabrics#Viscose0002 100% viscose] tested in 2016 <br>
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° Maish Felts, Royal felt: 100% [http://www.conservation-wiki.com/wiki/Oddy_Test_Results:_Exhibition_Fabrics#Viscose0001 viscose] tested in 2010 <br>
  
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Burns with small flame, incandescent ash and odor of burnt paper.
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== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
  
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{| class="wikitable"
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* Insoluble in most organic solvents. 
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|-
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* Viscose fibers have continuous lengthwise striations. 
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! scope="row"| Melting Point
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* Cross sections were originally circular with indentations; now may be dog bone or trilobal.
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| 150 (dec)
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* Tenacity = 2.0-2.6 g/denier (dry); 1.0-1.5 (wet); 
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|-
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* Moisture regain = 11-16.6%;   
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! scope="row"| Density
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* Elongation = 15-13%; (dry); 20-40% (wet) ; 
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| 1.46-1.54
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* Melting point = 150 C (dec); 
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|}
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* Density = 1.46-1.54 g/ml
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* Burns with small flame, incandescent ash and odor of burnt paper.
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== Additional Information ==
 
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G.Cook, ''Handbook of Textile Fibres:II. Man-made Fibres'', 5th edition, Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984.
 
  
 
== Comparisons ==
 
== Comparisons ==
Line 36: Line 39:
 
[[media:download_file_99.pdf|Properties of Synthetic Fibers]]
 
[[media:download_file_99.pdf|Properties of Synthetic Fibers]]
  
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== Resources and Citation ==
  
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* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966
  
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== Additional Images ==
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* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 654
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<gallery>
 
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File:Rayonsynthvt.jpg|Chemical process for viscose rayon
 
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File:ViscoseTestfabrics.jpg|Infrared spectrum of Viscose rayon
 
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</gallery>
 
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== Authority ==
 
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* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966
 
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* G.S.Brady, G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 654
 
  
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* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Hoechst Celanese Corporation, ''Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology'' (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
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* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, ''Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology'' (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
  
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* S.R.Trotman, E.R. Trotman, S.R.Trotman, E.R. Trotman, ''Textile Analysis'', J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1932
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* S.R.Trotman, E.R. Trotman, ''Textile Analysis'', J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1932
  
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* Rosalie Rosso King, Rosalie Rosso King, ''Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation'', Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
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* Rosalie Rosso King, ''Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation'', Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
  
 
* ''The Dictionary of Paper'', American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
 
* ''The Dictionary of Paper'', American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
  
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* J.Gordon Cook, J.Gordon Cook, ''Handbook of Textile Fibres:II Man-made Fibres'', Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England
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* J.Gordon Cook, ''Handbook of Textile Fibres:II Man-made Fibres'', Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England
  
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* Website address 1, Website address 1  Comment: History of Plastics at www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html
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* History of Plastics at www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html
  
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* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com  Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayon (Accessed Jan. 15, 2006)
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* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayon (Accessed Jan. 15, 2006)
  
 
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
 
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
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[[Category:Materials database]]
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[[Category:Materials database]][[Category:MWG]]

Latest revision as of 14:28, 25 June 2022

Viscose rayon dress
MFA# 2013.1585
Viscose rayon yarn at 200x
Viscose rayon yarn at 200 x polarized light

Description

Rayon produced from Cellulose dissolved in Sodium hydroxide, then treated with Carbon disulfide to form an orange viscous solution of cellulose xanthate (Viscose). The process for making viscose was discovered in 1892 by Charles Cross and Edward Bevan in England. Soon after the turn of the century, several companies began manufacturing viscose rayon and it quickly became the most important natural polymer fiber. Viscose has good washability and fair abrasion resistance. It dyes well and has good sunlight resistance. It is dyed with direct dyes at low temperatures. Viscose rayons are used for woven and nonwoven fabrics, rubbers, felts, tire cords, and cellophane.

See also rayon.

Synonyms and Related Terms

cellophane; rayon; viscose; Avtex; regenerated cellulose; artificial silk; wood silk; kuntsilke (Dan.); Kunstseide (Deut.); Viskosefasern (Deut.); viscose (Fr.); rayon viscosa (It.); rayon (Ned., Sven.)

FTIR

ViscoseTestfabrics.jpg

SEM

Viscose250m.jpg

SEM

Viscose1200m.jpg

Chemical process for viscose rayon

Rayonsynthvt.jpg

Collection Risks

Links to Oddy Test results posted on AIC Wiki Materials Database Pages for individual materials below

° Khoon Heng show case fabric 65% polyester, 35% viscose tested in 2017
° Khoon Heng show case fabric 65% polyester, 35% viscose tested in 2017
° Khoon Heng show case fabric 65% polyester, 35% viscose tested in 2017
° John Ranger Textiles, Serge 65% polyester, 35% 100% viscose tested in 2016
° Maish Felts, Royal felt: 100% viscose tested in 2010

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Insoluble in most organic solvents.
  • Viscose fibers have continuous lengthwise striations.
  • Cross sections were originally circular with indentations; now may be dog bone or trilobal.
  • Tenacity = 2.0-2.6 g/denier (dry); 1.0-1.5 (wet);
  • Moisture regain = 11-16.6%;
  • Elongation = 15-13%; (dry); 20-40% (wet) ;
  • Melting point = 150 C (dec);
  • Density = 1.46-1.54 g/ml
  • Burns with small flame, incandescent ash and odor of burnt paper.

Comparisons

Properties of Synthetic Fibers

Resources and Citation

  • R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
  • G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 654
  • Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
  • S.R.Trotman, E.R. Trotman, Textile Analysis, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1932
  • Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
  • The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
  • J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:II Man-made Fibres, Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England
  • History of Plastics at www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html
  • The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998

Retrieved from "https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Viscose_rayon&oldid=88602"