Difference between revisions of "Acrylic fiber"

Latest revision as of 11:22, 3 October 2024

Women's dinner dress
MFA# 1999.211

Description

Acrylic yarn art
MFA# 2011.474

A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of Acrylonitrile units (Federal Trade Commission definition). Acrylic fibers were first commercially manufactured in 1950 by DuPont as the product Orlon®. The Acrylic resin is dissolved in a solvent, then extruded through spinnerets to produce long, continuous filaments. The smooth, Thermoplastic fibers are resistant to wrinkles, chemicals, UV light, Weathering, insects, Mildew, and moisture. They produce fabrics that are non-allergenic, lightweight, soft, durable and fast drying. They are, however, susceptible to heat and will melt or burn. Acrylic fibers are used for carpets, blankets, drapes, outdoor products (awnings, geotextiles, etc) and apparel such as sweaters, coats, linings, hosiery, dresses, and shirts.

For acrylic fiber identification, see http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Category:FRIL:_Acrylic

Acrylic fibers

Synonyms and Related Terms

acrylic fibre (Br.); fibra acrílica (Esp.); fibre acrylique (Fr.); acrylaat vezel (Ned); polyacrylonitrile;

Orlon® [DuPont]; Creslan® [Sterling]; Zefran® [Badische]; Acrilan® [Solutia]; Dynel® [Union Carbide]; Crylor; Courtelle®; Dralon®;

Acrilan FTIR

Creslan FTIR

Orlon FTIR

Acrilan SEM

Creslan SEM

Orlon SEM

Collection Risks

Combustible. Accumulates static charge.

Links to Oddy Test results posted on AIC Wiki Materials Database Pages for individual materials below

World of Fabric Acrylic Prefelt "Forest" tested in 2010

Physical and Chemical Properties

Insoluble in most common organic solvents. Resistant to weak acids. Burns readily with smoky flame and acid smell. The ash is hard.

Cross section = variable (dogbone, round, bean shaped or lobed)

Moisture regain	1.0-3.0%
Elongation	20-55% (dry)
Tenacity	2.0-3.6 g/denier (dry)
Melting Point	215-255 (soften)
Density	1.16-1.18

Comparisons

Properties of Synthetic Fibers

Fiber Burn Tests

Resources and Citations

M. Joseph, Introductory Textile Science, Holt Reinhold & Winston, Fort Worth, 1986.
G.Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:II. Man-made Fibres, 5th edition, Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984.
Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
Meredith Montague, contributed information, 1998
Fabrics.net : Link
Wikipedia: Acrylic fiber Accessed Oct.2024

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:1999.211-SC12597.jpg|thumb|]]
+[[File:1999.211-SC12597.jpg|thumb|Women's dinner dress<br>MFA# 1999.211]]
 == Description ==
+[[File:MFA2011474 acrylic.jpg|thumb|Acrylic yarn art<br>MFA# 2011.474]]
+A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of [[acrylonitrile|acrylonitrile]] units (Federal Trade Commission definition). Acrylic fibers were first commercially manufactured in 1950 by DuPont as the product Orlon®. The [[acrylic%20resin|acrylic resin]] is dissolved in a solvent, then extruded through spinnerets to produce long, continuous filaments. The smooth, [[thermoplastic|thermoplastic]] fibers are resistant to wrinkles, chemicals, [[ultraviolet%20radiation|UV light]], [[weathering|weathering]], insects, [[mildew|mildew]], and moisture. They produce fabrics that are non-allergenic, lightweight, soft, durable and fast drying. They are, however, susceptible to heat and will melt or burn. Acrylic fibers are used for carpets, blankets, drapes, outdoor products (awnings, [[geotextile|geotextiles]], etc) and apparel such as sweaters, coats, linings, hosiery, dresses, and shirts.
-A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=acrylonitrile acrylonitrile] units (Federal Trade Commission definition). Acrylic fibers were first commercially manufactured in 1950 by DuPont as the product Orlon. The [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=acrylic resin acrylic resin] is dissolved in a solvent, then extruded through spinnerets to produce long, continuous filaments. The smooth, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=thermoplastic thermoplastic] fibers are resistant to wrinkles, chemicals, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ultraviolet radiation UV light], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=weathering weathering], insects, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=mildew mildew], and moisture. They produce fabrics that are non-allergenic, lightweight, soft, durable and fast drying. They are, however, susceptible to heat and will melt or burn. Acrylic fibers are used for carpets, blankets, drapes, outdoor products (awnings, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=geotextile geotextiles], etc) and apparel such as sweaters, coats, linings, hosiery, dresses, and shirts.
+For acrylic fiber identification, see http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Category:FRIL:_Acrylic
+[[File:Acrylic 200x PP.POL.jpg|thumb|Acrylic fibers]]
-[[File:Acrylic 200x PP.POL.jpg|thumb|Acrylic fibers]]
 == Synonyms and Related Terms ==
-acrylic fibre (Br.); fibra acrlica (Esp.); fibre acrylique (Fr.); acrylaat vezel (Ned); polyacrylonitrile; Orlon [DuPont]; Creslan [Sterling]; Zefran [Badische]; Acrilan [Solutia]; Dynel [Union Carbide]; Crylor; Courtelle; Dralon;
+acrylic fibre (Br.); fibra acrílica (Esp.); fibre acrylique (Fr.); acrylaat vezel (Ned); polyacrylonitrile;
+Orlon® [DuPont]; Creslan® [Sterling]; Zefran® [Badische]; Acrilan® [Solutia]; Dynel® [Union Carbide]; Crylor; Courtelle®; Dralon®;
+[[[SliderGallery rightalign|AcrilanTestfabrics.jpg~Acrilan FTIR|CreslanTestfabrics.jpg~Creslan FTIR|OrlonTestfabrics.jpg~Orlon FTIR|acrilan300m.jpg~Acrilan SEM|creslan500m.jpg~Creslan SEM|orlon500am.jpg~Orlon SEM]]]
+== Collection Risks ==
+Combustible. Accumulates static charge.
+'''Links to Oddy Test results posted on AIC Wiki Materials Database Pages for individual materials below'''
-[[[SliderGallery rightalign|acrilan300m.jpg~SEM|creslan500m.jpg~SEM|orlon500am.jpg~SEM]]]
+* [http://www.conservation-wiki.com/wiki/Oddy_Test_Results:_Exhibition_Fabrics#acrylic_fiber0001 World of Fabric Acrylic Prefelt "Forest"] tested in 2010
-== Other Properties ==
+== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
 Insoluble in most common organic solvents.  Resistant to weak acids.  Burns readily with smoky flame and acid smell. The ash is hard.
- Moisture regain = 1.0-3.0%  Elongation = 20-55% (dry)  Tenacity = 2.0-3.6 g/denier (dry)
 Cross section = variable (dogbone, round, bean shaped or lobed)
 {| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! scope="row"| Moisture regain
+| 1.0-3.0%
+|-
+! scope="row"| Elongation
+| 20-55% (dry)
+|-
+! scope="row"| Tenacity
+| 2.0-3.6 g/denier (dry)
 |-
 ! scope="row"| Melting Point
@@ Line 27: / Line 45: @@
 | 1.16-1.18
 |}
-== Hazards and Safety ==
-Combustible. Accumulates static charge.
-== Additional Information ==
-M. Joseph, ''Introductory Textile Science'', Holt Reinhold & Winston, Fort Worth, 1986. G.Cook, ''Handbook of Textile Fibres:II. Man-made Fibres'', 5th edition, Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984.
 == Comparisons ==
@@ Line 42: / Line 52: @@
 [[media:download_file_47.pdf|Fiber Burn Tests]]
+== Resources and Citations ==
+* M. Joseph, ''Introductory Textile Science'', Holt Reinhold & Winston, Fort Worth, 1986.
-== Additional Images ==
+* G.Cook, ''Handbook of Textile Fibres:II. Man-made Fibres'', 5th edition, Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984.
+* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, ''Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology'' (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
-<gallery>
+* Rosalie Rosso King, ''Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation'', Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
-File:AcrilanTestfabrics.jpg|Infrared spectrum of Acrilan acrylic fiber
+* Meredith Montague, contributed information, 1998
-File:CreslanTestfabrics.jpg|Infrared spectrum of Creslan acrylic fiber
+* Fabrics.net : [http://www.fabrics.net  Link]
-File:OrlonTestfabrics.jpg|Infrared spectrum of Orlon acrylic fabric
+* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylic_fiber Acrylic fiber] Accessed Oct.2024
-</gallery>
-== Authority ==
-* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Hoechst Celanese Corporation, ''Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology'' (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
-* Rosalie Rosso King, Rosalie Rosso King, ''Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation'', Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
-* Marjory L. Joseph, Marjory L. Joseph, ''Introductory Textile Science'', Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Fort Worth, TX, 1986
-* J.Gordon Cook, J.Gordon Cook, ''Handbook of Textile Fibres:I Natural Fibres'', Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England, 1984
-* Meredith Montague, Meredith Montague, contributed information, 1998
-* Website address 1, Website address 1  Comment: Fabrics.net : [http://www.fabrics.net  Link]
-[[Category:Materials database]]
+[[Category:Materials database]][[Category:MWG]][[Category:Sheet, Fabric]]