Difference between revisions of "Esparto wax"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | Wax derived from the leaves of the [ | + | Wax derived from the leaves of the [[esparto grass]] plants, ''Stipa tenacissima'' and ''Lygeum spartum'' native to the Mediterranean region. Esparto wax is a byproduct obtained during paper production. It contains 15-17% free wax acids, 20-22% alcohols and 63-65% hydrocarbons. Esparto wax is a hard and tough wax, but it emulsifies easily and blends well with other waxes. It is used as a substitute for carnauba and is preferred in the production of carbon papers. |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
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''Stipa tenacissima; Lygeum spartum''; cera de esparto (Esp.); Spanish grass wax; halfa wax | ''Stipa tenacissima; Lygeum spartum''; cera de esparto (Esp.); Spanish grass wax; halfa wax | ||
| − | == | + | ==Physical and Chemical Properties== |
| − | Soluble in ethylene chloride. Slightly soluble in ethanol. | + | * Soluble in ethylene chloride. Slightly soluble in ethanol. |
| − | + | * Iodine value=22-23 | |
| − | Iodine value=22-23 | + | * Acid value=22.7-23.9 |
| − | + | * Saponification value=69.8-79.3 | |
| − | + | * Melting Point = 67.5-78.1 C | |
| − | + | * Density = 0.9887 g/ml | |
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== Comparisons == | == Comparisons == | ||
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[[media:download_file_34.pdf|Properties of Natural Waxes]] | [[media:download_file_34.pdf|Properties of Natural Waxes]] | ||
| + | ==Resources and Citations== | ||
| + | * Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 | ||
| − | + | * Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982 | |
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| − | * | + | * E.J.LaBarre, ''Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making'', Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969 |
| − | * | + | * John S. Mills, Raymond White, ''The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects'', Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994 |
* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 3742 | * ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 3742 | ||
Latest revision as of 13:22, 5 August 2022
Description
Wax derived from the leaves of the Esparto grass plants, Stipa tenacissima and Lygeum spartum native to the Mediterranean region. Esparto wax is a byproduct obtained during paper production. It contains 15-17% free wax acids, 20-22% alcohols and 63-65% hydrocarbons. Esparto wax is a hard and tough wax, but it emulsifies easily and blends well with other waxes. It is used as a substitute for carnauba and is preferred in the production of carbon papers.
Synonyms and Related Terms
Stipa tenacissima; Lygeum spartum; cera de esparto (Esp.); Spanish grass wax; halfa wax
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Soluble in ethylene chloride. Slightly soluble in ethanol.
- Iodine value=22-23
- Acid value=22.7-23.9
- Saponification value=69.8-79.3
- Melting Point = 67.5-78.1 C
- Density = 0.9887 g/ml
Comparisons
Resources and Citations
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
- E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
- John S. Mills, Raymond White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994
- The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 3742
- CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: melting point=67.5-78.1C, density=0.988, iodine value=22-23, acid value=22.7-23.9, saponification value=69.8-79.3