Difference between revisions of "Holly"
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| − | [[File:17.1826-SC29633.jpg|thumb|]] | + | [[File:17.1826-SC29633.jpg|thumb|Double duct flute<br>MFA# 17.1826]] |
== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | Any of several shrubs from the genus ''Ilex'' that are found throughout the world. Holly plants typically have glossy green leaves with red berries and are grown for ornamentation. Timber from the holly has a fine uniform texture with an irregular grain pattern. It has been used for sculpture, carving, small articles, [ | + | Any of several shrubs from the genus ''Ilex'' that are found throughout the world. Holly plants typically have glossy green leaves with red berries and are grown for ornamentation. Timber from the holly has a fine uniform texture with an irregular grain pattern. It has been used for sculpture, carving, small articles, [[veneer]], and [[marquetry]]. |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
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''Ilex opaca'']] | ''Ilex opaca'']] | ||
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| − | == | + | ==Physical and Chemical Properties== |
| − | + | Density = 45-55 ppcf | |
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| + | Paper fiber type: hardwood. Using transmitted light microscopy, pulp is identified by oblong vessels with with heavy pitting. Perforations are scalariform with tapered, spiraled ends . Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Common pulping method: [[kraft process|kraft]]. | ||
== Additional Images == | == Additional Images == | ||
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File:39_Holly_100x_Tan.jpg|Holly (''Ilex opaca'') | File:39_Holly_100x_Tan.jpg|Holly (''Ilex opaca'') | ||
File:39_Holly_100x_Tran.jpg|Holly (''Ilex opaca'') | File:39_Holly_100x_Tran.jpg|Holly (''Ilex opaca'') | ||
| + | File:Holly 40x.jpg|Holly paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain | ||
| + | File:Holly 10x.jpg|Holly paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| − | + | == Resources and Citations== | |
| − | == | + | * Schoch, W., Heller, I., Schweingruber, F.H., Kienast, F., 2004:[http://www.woodanatomy.ch/ Wood anatomy of central European Species]: Holly, [http://www.woodanatomy.ch/species.php?code=ILAQ Ilex aquifolium L.] |
| − | + | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 402 | |
| − | * | + | * Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) |
| − | + | * F. H. Titmuss, ''Commercial Timbers of the World'', The Technical Press Ltd., London, 1965 Comment: 45-55 ppcf | |
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* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996 | * ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996 | ||
| − | + | * Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holly Holly] (Accessed Oct. 30, 2004 and October 2024) | |
| − | * Wikipedia | ||
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* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | * ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | ||
| − | + | * Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997 | |
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* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | ||
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* ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=47 ppcf (0.76 g/cm3) | * ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=47 ppcf (0.76 g/cm3) | ||
| − | + | * Walter Rantanen. "Fiber ID Course." Integrated Paper Services. June 2013. Lecture. | |
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[[Category:Materials database]] | [[Category:Materials database]] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:52, 18 November 2024
Description
Any of several shrubs from the genus Ilex that are found throughout the world. Holly plants typically have glossy green leaves with red berries and are grown for ornamentation. Timber from the holly has a fine uniform texture with an irregular grain pattern. It has been used for sculpture, carving, small articles, Veneer, and Marquetry.
Synonyms and Related Terms
Ilex aquifolium (English holly); Ilex opaca (American holly); houx (Fr.); acebo (Esp.); agrifoglio (It.)
Physical and Chemical Properties
Density = 45-55 ppcf
Paper fiber type: hardwood. Using transmitted light microscopy, pulp is identified by oblong vessels with with heavy pitting. Perforations are scalariform with tapered, spiraled ends . Appearance with Graff "C" stain: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Common pulping method: kraft.
Additional Images
American holly Ilex opaca
Holly (Ilex opaca)
Holly (Ilex opaca)
Holly (Ilex opaca)
Holly paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
Holly paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
Resources and Citations
- Schoch, W., Heller, I., Schweingruber, F.H., Kienast, F., 2004:Wood anatomy of central European Species: Holly, Ilex aquifolium L.
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 402
- Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
- F. H. Titmuss, Commercial Timbers of the World, The Technical Press Ltd., London, 1965 Comment: 45-55 ppcf
- Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
- Wikipedia: Holly (Accessed Oct. 30, 2004 and October 2024)
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
- CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=47 ppcf (0.76 g/cm3)
- Walter Rantanen. "Fiber ID Course." Integrated Paper Services. June 2013. Lecture.