Difference between revisions of "Aquamarine"
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| − | [[File:39.723a-SC98952.jpg|thumb|]] | + | [[File:39.723a-SC98952.jpg|thumb|Guanyin sculpture<br>MFA# 39.723a]] |
== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | + | [[File:43.2149a-SC15840.jpg|thumb|Earrings<br>MFA# 43.2149]] | |
A transparent blue-green [[beryl|beryl]] [[gemstone|gemstone]]. Aquamarines have been mined or gathered as gemstones since the late iron age (500-50 BCE). They are found in Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Bahia), Siberia, the Urals, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Nigeria (since 1983), Mozambique (since 1991), and the United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Connecticut, North Carolina, Colorado). Aquamarines are composed of a beryllium-aluminum silicate mineral with trace amounts of [[iron|iron]] providing the blue-green color. They are sometimes heat-treated to remove greenish tones. Aquamarines were popular for jewelry in the 19th century. The largest recorded aquamarine was discovered in 1910 and weighed 110 kg (242 pounds). A dark blue beryl, called Maxixe beryl, occurs very rarely naturally and fades in light or heat. The dark blue color is also produced artificially through lengthy irradiation of pink beryl. | A transparent blue-green [[beryl|beryl]] [[gemstone|gemstone]]. Aquamarines have been mined or gathered as gemstones since the late iron age (500-50 BCE). They are found in Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Bahia), Siberia, the Urals, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Nigeria (since 1983), Mozambique (since 1991), and the United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Connecticut, North Carolina, Colorado). Aquamarines are composed of a beryllium-aluminum silicate mineral with trace amounts of [[iron|iron]] providing the blue-green color. They are sometimes heat-treated to remove greenish tones. Aquamarines were popular for jewelry in the 19th century. The largest recorded aquamarine was discovered in 1910 and weighed 110 kg (242 pounds). A dark blue beryl, called Maxixe beryl, occurs very rarely naturally and fades in light or heat. The dark blue color is also produced artificially through lengthy irradiation of pink beryl. | ||
| − | + | [[File:pa30230aquamarine.jpg|thumb|Aquamarine]] | |
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== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
blue beryl; axixe beryl (dark blue); akvamarinen (Dan.); Aquamarin (Deut.); aguamarina (Esp.); aigue-marine (Fr.); aquamarijn (Ned.); agua-marinha (Port.) | blue beryl; axixe beryl (dark blue); akvamarinen (Dan.); Aquamarin (Deut.); aguamarina (Esp.); aigue-marine (Fr.); aquamarijn (Ned.); agua-marinha (Port.) | ||
| − | [[[SliderGallery rightalign|Beryl.TIF~Raman]]] | + | [[[SliderGallery rightalign|Beryl IR-ATR RRUFF 40002.png~IR-ATR (RRUFF)|Beryl raman RRUFF 40002.png~Raman (RRUFF)|Beryl.TIF~Raman (MFA)]]] |
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== Physical and Chemical Properties == | == Physical and Chemical Properties == | ||
| − | * Hexagonal system with prismatic crystals | + | * Hexagonal system with prismatic crystals. Crystals are usually flawless |
| − | * Cleavage is poor in one direction | + | * Cleavage is poor in one direction |
| − | + | * Absorption maxima at 456 and 427 nm | |
| − | * Absorption maxima at 456 and 427 nm | + | * Fracture = uneven to conchoidal |
| − | * Fracture = uneven to conchoidal | + | * Luster = vitreous |
| − | * Luster = vitreous | + | * Streak = colorless. |
* Composition = Be3Al2Si6O18 | * Composition = Be3Al2Si6O18 | ||
* Mohs Hardness = 7.5 - 8.0 | * Mohs Hardness = 7.5 - 8.0 | ||
| − | * Density = 2.68-2.71 | + | * Density = 2.68-2.71 g/ml |
* Refractive Index = 1.57-1.86 | * Refractive Index = 1.57-1.86 | ||
| − | + | * Fluorescence = none to weak | |
| − | == | + | * Pleochroism = variable (depending on color) |
| − | + | * Birefringence = 0.005 - 0.009 | |
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== Comparisons == | == Comparisons == | ||
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[[media:download_file_436.pdf|Properties of Common Gemstones]] | [[media:download_file_436.pdf|Properties of Common Gemstones]] | ||
| − | == | + | ==Resources and Citations== |
| − | + | * Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016. | |
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* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 101 | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 101 | ||
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* Sue Fuller, ''Rocks and Minerals'', DK Publishing, Inc., New York City, 1995 | * Sue Fuller, ''Rocks and Minerals'', DK Publishing, Inc., New York City, 1995 | ||
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* Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982 | * Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982 | ||
| − | + | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "aquamarine" [Accessed September 19, 2003]. | |
| − | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "aquamarine" | ||
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* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979 | * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979 | ||
| − | + | * Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquamarine_(gem) Aquamarine (gem)] (Accessed Aug. 30 2005 and Dec 2022) | |
| − | * Wikipedia | ||
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* Yasukazu Suwa, ''Gemstones: Quality and Value, Volume 1'', Sekai Bunka Publishing Inc., Tokyo, 1999 Comment: RI=1.577-1.583; Specific gravity=2.72; | * Yasukazu Suwa, ''Gemstones: Quality and Value, Volume 1'', Sekai Bunka Publishing Inc., Tokyo, 1999 Comment: RI=1.577-1.583; Specific gravity=2.72; | ||
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* Michael O'Donoghue and Louise Joyner, ''Identification of Gemstones'', Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2003 Comment: RI=1.567-1.590; Specific gravity=2.68-2.80; Abs max=456 and 427 nm | * Michael O'Donoghue and Louise Joyner, ''Identification of Gemstones'', Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2003 Comment: RI=1.567-1.590; Specific gravity=2.68-2.80; Abs max=456 and 427 nm | ||
Latest revision as of 13:05, 21 December 2022
Description
A transparent blue-green Beryl Gemstone. Aquamarines have been mined or gathered as gemstones since the late iron age (500-50 BCE). They are found in Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Bahia), Siberia, the Urals, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Nigeria (since 1983), Mozambique (since 1991), and the United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Connecticut, North Carolina, Colorado). Aquamarines are composed of a beryllium-aluminum silicate mineral with trace amounts of Iron providing the blue-green color. They are sometimes heat-treated to remove greenish tones. Aquamarines were popular for jewelry in the 19th century. The largest recorded aquamarine was discovered in 1910 and weighed 110 kg (242 pounds). A dark blue beryl, called Maxixe beryl, occurs very rarely naturally and fades in light or heat. The dark blue color is also produced artificially through lengthy irradiation of pink beryl.
Synonyms and Related Terms
blue beryl; axixe beryl (dark blue); akvamarinen (Dan.); Aquamarin (Deut.); aguamarina (Esp.); aigue-marine (Fr.); aquamarijn (Ned.); agua-marinha (Port.)
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Hexagonal system with prismatic crystals. Crystals are usually flawless
- Cleavage is poor in one direction
- Absorption maxima at 456 and 427 nm
- Fracture = uneven to conchoidal
- Luster = vitreous
- Streak = colorless.
- Composition = Be3Al2Si6O18
- Mohs Hardness = 7.5 - 8.0
- Density = 2.68-2.71 g/ml
- Refractive Index = 1.57-1.86
- Fluorescence = none to weak
- Pleochroism = variable (depending on color)
- Birefringence = 0.005 - 0.009
Comparisons
Properties of Common Gemstones
Resources and Citations
- Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 101
- Sue Fuller, Rocks and Minerals, DK Publishing, Inc., New York City, 1995
- Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "aquamarine" [Accessed September 19, 2003].
- C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
- Wikipedia: Aquamarine (gem) (Accessed Aug. 30 2005 and Dec 2022)
- Yasukazu Suwa, Gemstones: Quality and Value, Volume 1, Sekai Bunka Publishing Inc., Tokyo, 1999 Comment: RI=1.577-1.583; Specific gravity=2.72;
- Michael O'Donoghue and Louise Joyner, Identification of Gemstones, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2003 Comment: RI=1.567-1.590; Specific gravity=2.68-2.80; Abs max=456 and 427 nm