Difference between revisions of "Ramie"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | A [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=bast | + | A [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=bast%20fiber bast fiber] obtained from the stems of plants from the nettle family, ''Boehmeria'' (formerly ''Urtica'') ''nivea'' and ''Boehmeria tenacissema'', native to tropical Asia. Ramie is a soft, fine fiber that has been used in China for [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=paper paper] and fabric since prehistoric times. Its use spread through Europe in the Middle Ages and it has been cultivated since the 1930s in China, Japan, Europe, South America, and the United States. Ramie is a white, durable fiber that is very lustrous and dyes well. Degummed ramie is almost pure cellulose and its fibers are stronger than [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=cotton cotton], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=hemp hemp], and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=flax flax]. It is used for twine, fishnets, sewing thread and fabric for clothing, summer suits, dresses, canvas, tablecloths, and upholstery. Ramie has also been used to produce stong paper for linings, banknotes, and cigarettes. The stiff, greenish-yellow fibers produced from hand-cleaning are called China grass. A Chinese fabric woven from ramie is called [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=grass%20cloth grass cloth]. |
[[File:Ramie_fibers_overall.jpg|thumb|Ramie]] | [[File:Ramie_fibers_overall.jpg|thumb|Ramie]] | ||
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
| − | ''Boehmeria nivea; | + | ''Boehmeria nivea; Urtica nivea; Boehmeria tenacissema''; China grass; rhea; grass cloth; rami; Chinese linen; Canton linen; grass linen; ramio (Esp.) |
== Other Properties == | == Other Properties == | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
== Additional Information == | == Additional Information == | ||
| − | G.Cook, ''Handbook of Textile Fibres:I. Natural Fibres'', 5th edition, Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984. | + | ° G.Cook, ''Handbook of Textile Fibres:I. Natural Fibres'', 5th edition, Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984. ° T.Collings, D. Miller, 'The Identification of Oriental Paper Fibers' ''The Paper Conservator'', vol 3, 1978. |
== Comparisons == | == Comparisons == | ||
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
== Authority == | == Authority == | ||
| − | * | + | * Hoechst Celanese Corporation, ''Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology'' (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990 |
* ''The Dictionary of Paper'', American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980 | * ''The Dictionary of Paper'', American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980 | ||
| − | * | + | * E.J.LaBarre, ''Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making'', Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969 |
| − | * | + | * J.Gordon Cook, ''Handbook of Textile Fibres:I Natural Fibres'', Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England, 1984 |
* ''Identification of Textile Materials'', The Textile Institute, Manchester, England, 1985 | * ''Identification of Textile Materials'', The Textile Institute, Manchester, England, 1985 | ||
| − | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: ramie" | + | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: ramie" Encyclopædia Britannica [Accessed November 7, 2001]. |
* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramie (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005) | * Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramie (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005) | ||
| − | * | + | * Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982 |
| − | * | + | * R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 |
| − | * | + | * Rosalie Rosso King, ''Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation'', Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985 |
| − | * | + | * Book and Paper Group, ''Paper Conservation Catalog'', AIC, 1984, 1989 |
| − | * | + | * Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, ''Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them'', American Book Company, New York City, 1937 |
| − | * | + | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 650 |
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 | * Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 | ||
| − | * | + | * Website address 1 Comment: www.fabrics.net |
[[Category:Materials database]] | [[Category:Materials database]] | ||
Revision as of 06:37, 24 July 2013
Description
A bast fiber obtained from the stems of plants from the nettle family, Boehmeria (formerly Urtica) nivea and Boehmeria tenacissema, native to tropical Asia. Ramie is a soft, fine fiber that has been used in China for paper and fabric since prehistoric times. Its use spread through Europe in the Middle Ages and it has been cultivated since the 1930s in China, Japan, Europe, South America, and the United States. Ramie is a white, durable fiber that is very lustrous and dyes well. Degummed ramie is almost pure cellulose and its fibers are stronger than cotton, hemp, and flax. It is used for twine, fishnets, sewing thread and fabric for clothing, summer suits, dresses, canvas, tablecloths, and upholstery. Ramie has also been used to produce stong paper for linings, banknotes, and cigarettes. The stiff, greenish-yellow fibers produced from hand-cleaning are called China grass. A Chinese fabric woven from ramie is called grass cloth.
Synonyms and Related Terms
Boehmeria nivea; Urtica nivea; Boehmeria tenacissema; China grass; rhea; grass cloth; rami; Chinese linen; Canton linen; grass linen; ramio (Esp.)
Other Properties
Resistant to alkalis; damaged by acids. Fibers length = 15-20 cm (6-8 inches); Fiber width = 12-82 microns with a uniform thickness and blunt ends; Striactions are numerous and occasionally overlap to form x or v shapes; Moisture regain 12%.
Hazards and Safety
Resistant to mildew and insects.
Additional Information
° G.Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:I. Natural Fibres, 5th edition, Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984. ° T.Collings, D. Miller, 'The Identification of Oriental Paper Fibers' The Paper Conservator, vol 3, 1978.
Comparisons
Additional Images
Ramie
Authority
- Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
- The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
- E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
- J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:I Natural Fibres, Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England, 1984
- Identification of Textile Materials, The Textile Institute, Manchester, England, 1985
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: ramie" Encyclopædia Britannica [Accessed November 7, 2001].
- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramie (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005)
- Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
- R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
- Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
- Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
- Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 650
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
- Website address 1 Comment: www.fabrics.net