Dayflower: Ukiyo-e colorant

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Express Delivery Boats Rowing through Waves by Katsushika Hokusai

Dayflower 青花 (aobana): A blue dye extracted from the petals of Commelina communis var. hortensis (大帽子花 ōbōshibana) better known as aobana. It is cultivated from the Asiatic dayflower (Commelina communis) or tsukusa (露草) to produce a larger petal to yield more dye. The dye is brushed onto Japanese paper, which acts as the vehicle to retain a concentrated dye as well to prevent the oxidation of the dye. The dayflower dyed paper is known as aobanagami (青花紙) or aigami (藍紙). The blue colorant in dayflower is primarily commelinin. In addition to its use as a colorant in Japanese woodblock prints, it was commonly used to draw the underdrawing in yūzen dyeing. Dayflower and dayflower dyed paper was grown and made in the area of Kusatsu and continues to be made there today but only three farmer/producers remain.

Dayflower along with indigo are the two blues used in Japanese woodblock prints before Prussian blue entered the palette in the 1830s. Dayflower can appear bluish gray to greenish yellow to tan depending on its state of preservation. Highly water soluble, dayflower was frequently the last color to be printed. Its solubility also presented a special challenge to the printer since this feature makes it difficult to print uniform and sharply defined edges of design. Despite these challenges, dayflower appears to have been used more often than indigo.

Dayflower is also frequently mixed with a red extracted from safflower to produce a variety of purples. Dayflower with turmeric through mixing or overprinting to produce greens are often found in early prints of two to three colors.

For additional information see: Dayflower, Uemura Dye Archive: Dayflower 269, 270, 271, Commelina communis (Kew)

Examples of Dayflower in Ukiyo-e Prints

11.19694-pt1-detail.png

11.19694 Pt 1 FORS 2016.jpg
Pt 1: Printed
Torii Kiyomitsu I, 11.19694

11.20120-pt4-detail.png

11.20120 Pt 4 FORS.jpg
Pt 4: Printed
Suzuki Harunobu, 11.20120

11.13880-pt5-detail.png

11.13880 Pt 5 FORS 2021.jpg
Pt 5: Printed
Torii Kiyonaga, 11.13880

06.809-pt5-detail.png

06.809-Pt5.jpg
Pt 5: Printed
Katsushika Hokusai, 06.809

11.26691-2-pt5-detail.png

1126691-Pt5-FORS.jpg
Pt 5: Printed
Keisai Eisen, 11.26691-2

Analysis

Fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) can easily identify the three blues: dayflower, indigo, and Prussian blue.

Images of Dayflower

List of Prints

Below is a list of prints where dayflower was detected.

Pages in category "Dayflower: Ukiyo-e colorant"

The following 52 pages are in this category, out of 52 total.

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