Difference between revisions of "Black chalk"
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| − | [[File:68.575-SC28096.jpg|thumb|]] | + | [[File:68.575-SC28096.jpg|thumb|Winslow Homer<br>MFA# 68.575]] |
== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | An old name for a soft, blue-black variety of a clay formed from aluminum containing [ | + | An old name for a soft, blue-black variety of a clay formed from aluminum containing [[slate]]. Black chalk obtains its color from impurities of [[carbon]], [[iron%20oxide%20black|black iron oxide]], or [[manganese oxide]]. It was sometimes used as a crayon or writing tool, especially since the Rennaisance. Black chalk was mined in Thuringia, parts of France and Andalucia. Sometimes graphite was also referred to as black chalk. |
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| + | [[File:67.698-C27123.jpg|thumb|Homer Dodge Martin<br>MFA# 67.698]] | ||
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== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
craie noire (Fr.); lapiz negro (Esp.); grafite (It.); piombaggine (It.); mineral black; black earth; Italian chalk | craie noire (Fr.); lapiz negro (Esp.); grafite (It.); piombaggine (It.); mineral black; black earth; Italian chalk | ||
| − | == | + | == Risks == |
| − | |||
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| − | + | * No significant hazards. | |
== Additional Images == | == Additional Images == | ||
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<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
File:Black chalk pieces_Mayhew.jpg|Pieces of black chalk | File:Black chalk pieces_Mayhew.jpg|Pieces of black chalk | ||
| − | File:Black chalk 100X Refl5.jpg|Black chalk | + | File:Black chalk 100X Refl5.jpg|Black chalk at 100x |
| − | File:Mayhew Frontal Study of an Aproaching Gray Wolf.jpg|'''''Frontal Study of an Aproaching Gray Wolf''''' | + | File:Fabricated Black Chalk 500x.jpg|Fabricated black chalk at 500x |
| − | File:Mayhew Right Side Study of a Preening Trumpeter Swan.jpg|'''''Right Side Study of a Preening Trumpeter Swan''''' | + | File:Mayhew Frontal Study of an Aproaching Gray Wolf.jpg|'''''Frontal Study of an Aproaching Gray Wolf'''''<br> by [https://timothydavidmayhew.com/ Timothy Mayhew] |
| − | + | File:Mayhew Right Side Study of a Preening Trumpeter Swan.jpg|'''''Right Side Study of a Preening Trumpeter Swan'''''<br> by [https://timothydavidmayhew.com/ Timothy Mayhew] | |
| + | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| + | ==Resources and Citations== | ||
| − | + | * J.Winter, "The Characterization of Pigments Based on Carbon" ''Studies in Conservation'' 28:49-66, 1983. | |
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 | * R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966 | ||
Latest revision as of 12:54, 28 May 2023
Description
An old name for a soft, blue-black variety of a clay formed from aluminum containing Slate. Black chalk obtains its color from impurities of Carbon, black iron oxide, or Manganese oxide. It was sometimes used as a crayon or writing tool, especially since the Rennaisance. Black chalk was mined in Thuringia, parts of France and Andalucia. Sometimes graphite was also referred to as black chalk.
Synonyms and Related Terms
craie noire (Fr.); lapiz negro (Esp.); grafite (It.); piombaggine (It.); mineral black; black earth; Italian chalk
Risks
- No significant hazards.
Additional Images
Pieces of black chalk
Black chalk at 100x
Fabricated black chalk at 500x
Frontal Study of an Aproaching Gray Wolf
by Timothy Mayhew
Right Side Study of a Preening Trumpeter Swan
by Timothy Mayhew
Resources and Citations
- J.Winter, "The Characterization of Pigments Based on Carbon" Studies in Conservation 28:49-66, 1983.
- R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
- Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
- R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
- The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigments" and "Chalk"
- Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
- Monona Rossol, The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide, Allworth Press, New York, 1994
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000