Difference between revisions of "Deliquescence"

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== Description ==
 
== Description ==
  
A deliquescent material absorbs or releases water vapor to the atmosphere to maintain a constant vapor pressure of water at a given temperature. For example, if a saturated aqueous solution of a deliquescent material has a lower water vapor pressure than that of the atmosphere, moisture will condense into the solution until the solution water vapor matches the atmospheric water vapor. Some deliquescent materials are: concentrated [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sulfuric%20acid sulfuric acid], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=glycerol glycerol], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=calcium%20chloride calcium chloride], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sodium%20hydroxide sodium hydroxide] pellets, anhydrous [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sodium%20sulfate sodium sulfate] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=potassium%20carbonate potassium carbonate]. Many of the solid compounds will absorb enough water from the air to dissolve into a saturated liquid. The opposite phenomenon is called [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=efflorescence efflorescence].
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A deliquescent material absorbs or releases water vapor to the atmosphere to maintain a constant vapor pressure of water at a given temperature. For example, if a saturated aqueous solution of a deliquescent material has a lower water vapor pressure than that of the atmosphere, moisture will condense into the solution until the solution water vapor matches the atmospheric water vapor. Some deliquescent materials are: concentrated [[sulfuric acid]], [[glycerol]], [[calcium chloride]], [[sodium hydroxide]] pellets, anhydrous [[sodium sulfate]] and [[potassium carbonate]]. Many of the solid compounds will absorb enough water from the air to dissolve into a saturated liquid. The opposite phenomenon is called [[efflorescence]].
  
 
== Authority ==
 
== Authority ==

Revision as of 15:08, 13 January 2014

Description

A deliquescent material absorbs or releases water vapor to the atmosphere to maintain a constant vapor pressure of water at a given temperature. For example, if a saturated aqueous solution of a deliquescent material has a lower water vapor pressure than that of the atmosphere, moisture will condense into the solution until the solution water vapor matches the atmospheric water vapor. Some deliquescent materials are: concentrated Sulfuric acid, Glycerol, Calcium chloride, Sodium hydroxide pellets, anhydrous Sodium sulfate and Potassium carbonate. Many of the solid compounds will absorb enough water from the air to dissolve into a saturated liquid. The opposite phenomenon is called Efflorescence.

Authority

  • Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
  • Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988

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