Indian hemp

Description

A bast fiber obtained from retting the stalks of cannabis plants. Indian hemp Cannabis sativa, also called true hemp, is an ancient crop cultivated in central Asia for its fibers as early as 2800 BCE. Its use spread to the Mediterranean region during the first millenia CE and seeds were taken to Chille in the 1500s. Hemp fibers range from 1-2 meters long and are yellow to brown to gray in color. They have a high cellulose content with little lignin. Hemp is lustrous, strong, and durable with good resistance to water, salts, light, and insects. Hemp is used for cordage, fish lines, sailcloth, canvas, and burlap.

• For Indian hemp fiber identification, see http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Category:FRIL:_Indian_Hemp

Synonyms and Related Terms

Cannabis sativa; true hemp; cáñamo indio (Esp.) ; hennep (Ned);

Risks

• Combustible, may ignite spontaneously when wet.

Physical and Chemical Properties

• Resistant to water and alkalis.
• Damaged by weak acids and bleaches.
• Fiber length = 1-2 m.
• Fibers have a smooth cell wall with horizontal striations that are often packed close together.

Resources and Citations

• T.Collings, D. Miller, 'The Identification of Oriental Paper Fibers' The Paper Conservator, vol 3, 1978.