Natural Yellow 14, CI 75440, Persian berries LC
Description
Persian berries, also called buckthorn berries, are small berries from any shrub of the buckthorn family, such as Rhamnus infectorius, R. amygdalinus, R.oleodies, or R.alaternus. Buckthorn plants are native to the near East and have been cultivated in Europe since Roman times. A water-soluble dye was extracted from the berries for use in textiles, wood stains and lake pigments.
Synonyms and Related Terms
Natural Yellow 14
Summary of results
Sample preparation
Persian berry sample (~0.1g) from Iran was extracted with 1 mL methanol:H2O (v:v=1:1). Then the upper 30 μl of solution was removed for HPLC-DAD-MS analysis (20 μl was injected).
Analytical instrumentation and procedures
HPLC-DAD-MS analysis was performed with an Agilent 1100 liquid chromatography system consisting of an automatic injector, a gradient pump, a HP series 1100 DAD, and an Agilent series 1100 VL on-line atmospheric pressure ionization electrospray ionization mass spectrometer. Separations were done on a Vydac 214TP52 analytical column (2.1 mm diameterX250 mm; 5-ím particle size). The column was eluted at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min with a tertiary gradient of water (A),acetonitrile (B), and 1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid (C) with the following elution program: 0 min, 90% A, 5% B, 5% C; 0-55 min, a linear gradient to 35% A, 60% B, 5% C; 55-60 min, a linear gradient elution to 15% A, 80% B, 5% C; 60-62 min, isocratic elution at 15% A, 80% B, 5% C; 62-70 min gradient elution to 90% A, 5% B, 5% C; and reequilibration with the latter solvent for 15 min. The mass spectrometer was run both in the negative and positive ion mode.
Chromatograms
HPLC-DAD
Result
Identified compounds
[[[|Rutin.JPG~Rutin UV-Vis|isoUV.jpg~Quercetin UV-Vis]]]
| Compound | RT (min.) | MW | UV/vis | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rutin | 27.0 | 610 | 278,352 | Comments here |
| quercetin | 34.6 | 302 | 280,395,370 | |
| kaempferol | 39.0 | 286 | 280,395,368 | |
| isorhamnetin | 39.0 | 316 | 280,395,368 |
References
- Zhang, X., and Laursen, R. A., Development of Mild Extraction Methods for the Analysis of Natural Dyes in Textiles of Historical Interest Using LC-Diode Array Detector-MS. Analytical Chemistry 77, 2022-2025 (2005).
- Zhang, X., Corrigan, K., MacLaren, B., Leveque, M., and Laursen, R. A., Characterization of Yellow Dyes in Nineteenth Century Chinese Textiles. Studies in Conservation 52, 211-220 (2007).