Rhodamine B: Difference between revisions

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[[File:44 rhodamine.jpg|thumb|Rhodamine]]
[[File:44 rhodamine.jpg|thumb|Rhodamine]]
== Description ==
== Description ==
[[File:rhodamine C100x.jpg|thumb|rhodamine at 100x]]
A strong, bright red [[fluorescent%20dye|fluorescent dye]]. Rhodamine B is a [[basic%20dye|basic dye]] that was developed in 1887 by Ceresole. It is used as [[textile|textile]] and [[paper|paper]] dye, as a pigment, and as a staining reagent for the detection of [[fat|fats]] and [[oil|oils]]. Some oil modified materials such as [[alkyd%20resin|alkyds]] and [[polyurethane|urethanes]] will also stain with rhodamine (Wolbers et al 1990). Rhodamine B has been used as a fluorescent colorant in [[ink|inks]] ([[ballpoint%20ink|ballpoint]], [[printing%20ink|printing]]), [[wood%20stain|wood stains]], [[distemper|distemper]] paints, colored glass, plastics, and shoe polish.


A strong, bright red [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=fluorescent dye fluorescent dye]. Rhodamine B is a [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=basic dye basic dye] that was developed in 1887 by Ceresole. It is used as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=textile textile] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=paper paper] dye, as a pigment, and as a staining reagent for the detection of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=fat fats] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=oil oils]. Some oil modified materials such as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=alkyd resin alkyds] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=polyurethane urethanes] will also stain with rhodamine (Wolbers et al 1990). Rhodamine B has been used as a fluorescent colorant in [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ink inks] ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=ballpoint ink ballpoint], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=printing ink printing]), [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=wood stain wood stains], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=distemper distemper] paints, and shoe polish.
[[File:Rhodamine B_abs.ems.jpg|thumb|Absorption and fluorescence emission spectra]]
 
[[File:rhodamine C100x.jpg|thumb|rhodamine]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==


Basic Violet 10; CI 45170; tetraethylrhodamine; D&C Red No. 19, Solvent Red 49; Pigment Violet 1 (phosphotungstomolybdic acid salt); Pigment Red 169 (copper ferrocyanide salt); Pigment Red 173 (aluminum salt); Rhodamine (Deut.); Rodamina B (Esp.); rodamina B (Port.); rhodamine B (Fr.);
Basic Violet 10; CI 45170; tetraethylrhodamine; D&C Red No. 19, Solvent Red 49; Pigment Violet 1 (phosphotungstomolybdic acid salt); Pigment Red 173 (aluminum salt); Rhodamine (Deut.); Rodamina B (Esp.); rodamina B (Port.); rhodamine B (Fr.)
 
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|f44sem.jpg~SEM|f44edsbw.jpg~EDS|rhodamine b.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
 
== Other Properties ==
 
Green crystals or violet powder. Soluble in water, ethanol, polar solvents. 
 
Maximum absorption wavelength = 545 nm. 
 
Maximum emission wavelength = 625 nm.


{| class="wikitable"
== Comparisons ==
Rhodamine B variations with some properties and descriptions
{| class="wikitable"  
|-
|-
! scope="row"| Composition
! Other names
| C28H31ClN2O3
! Laked form
! Comments
|-
|-
! scope="row"| CAS
| Rhodamine 610; Basic Violet 10
| 81-88-9
|  
| identification by fluorescence microscopy and laser dyes; used as pH  indicator and water tracer
|-
|-
! scope="row"| Melting Point
| D&C Red #19
| 210-211
|
| formerly used in drugs and  cosmetics but was removed from list in 1984 as a suspected carcinogen
|-  
| Solvent red 49
|
| fluorescent red dye used in wood stains and  coating, printing inks and leather finishes.
|-
|-
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
| Pigment Violet 1
| mol. wt. = 478.68
| phosphotungstomolybdic  acid salt
| introduced in 1924; bright reddish-violet with high color strength and good lightfastness; used in printing inks, textile  printing, and, in some cases, plastics due to its high gloss and vivid shade
|-
| Pigment  Red 173; Rhodamine Red; Cosmetic Rubine
| aluminum  salt
| brilliant pink to magenta used in  inks, powder coatings, industrial  paints, colored glass and plastics; Extensively used in cosmetic  products
|}
|}
<!--{| class="wikitable"
! Pigment number !! Manufacture !! Pigment name !! Manufacture CI number !! Comments
|-
| PV001 || Sun|| rhodamine B || 221-0035 ||
|-
| PV001 || Magruder|| rhodamine B || mm0107-dc||
|-
| PV001 || Magruder || rhodamine B || mm0122-dc ||
|-
| PV001 || Magruder || rhodamine B || mm1219-dc ||
|-
|}-->
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|PV001 sun rhodamine b 221-0035.TIF~FTIR 221-0035(MFA)|PV1 rhodamine b (magruder mm0107-dc).TIF~FTIR mm0107-dc(MFA)|Pv1 rhodamine B (magruder mm0122-dc).TIF~FTIR mm0122-dc(MFA)|Pv1 rhodamine B (magruder mm1219-dc).TIF~FTIR mm1219-dc(MFA)|Rhodamine (Forbes MFA 44) copy.tif~Raman (MFA)|f44sem.jpg~SEM|f44edsbw.jpg~EDS|rhodamine b.jpg~Chemical structure]]]


== Hazards and Safety ==
== Risks ==
 
Carcinogen. Mutagen. 
 
Mallinckrodt Baker: [http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/r5400.htm MSDS]
 
== Additional Information ==
 
R. Wolbers, N. Sterman and C. Stavroudis, "Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings", 1990, GCI, Los Angeles.  Website for absorption/fluorescent spectra: [http://www.omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/PhotochemCAD/html/rhodamineB.html http://www.omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/PhotochemCAD/html/rhodamineB.html]
 
== Additional Images ==
 
<gallery>
File:PV001 rhodamine B.jpg|Infrared spectrum of Rhodamine B
File:Rhodamine B_abs.ems.jpg|Absorption and fluorescence emission spectra
</gallery>
 
 
== Authority ==


* Reed Kay, Reed Kay, ''The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials'', Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Listed as carcinogen and mutagen.  
* Harmful if swallowed
* Can cause eye damage and allergic reactions in skin
* Store in glass containers as it is absorbed by plastics
* ThermoFisher: [https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AAA1357218&productDescription=RHODAMINE+B+50G&vendorId=VN00024248&countryCode=US&language=en SDS]


* Richard S. Lewis, Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
==Physical and Chemical Properties==


* Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, ''Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings'', J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990
* Soluble in water, alcohols, and polar solvents. 
 
* Decomposes in chlorinated solutions.
* Monona Rossol, Monona Rossol, ''The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide'', Allworth Press, New York, 1994
* Maximum absorption wavelength = 545 nm.  
* Maximum emission wavelength = 625 nm.
* Composition = C28H31ClN2O3 (mol. wt. = 478.68 g/mol)
* CAS = 81-88-9
* Melting Point = 210-211 C


==Resources and Citations==
* A. Schaening, M. Schreiner, D. Jembrih-Simbuerger, 'Identification and Classification of Synthetic Organic Pigments of a Collection of the 19th and 20th century by FTIR' The Sixth Infrared and Raman Users Group Conference (IRUG6), Florence Italy, 2004.
* R. Wolbers, N. Sterman and C. Stavroudis, "Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings", 1990, GCI, Los Angeles.
* Website for absorption/fluorescent spectra: [http://www.omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/PhotochemCAD/html/rhodamineB.html http://www.omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/PhotochemCAD/html/rhodamineB.html]
* Reed Kay, ''The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials'', Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Monona Rossol, ''The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide'', Allworth Press, New York, 1994
* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: entry 8349
* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: entry 8349
 
* Dye History: www.straw.com/sig/dyehist - discovered 1887
* Website address 1, Website address 1  Comment: www.straw.com/sig/dyehist - discovered 1887
 
* Aldrich Chemical Catalog  Comment: p. 1299
* Aldrich Chemical Catalog  Comment: p. 1299
* Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org
* Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org
 
* CHSOS: [https://chsopensource.org/products/pigments-checker/pigments-checker-modern-and-contemporary-art-pigments-list/pr-173-rhodamine-b-2/ Spectra (XRF, Raman, Reflectance) on PR 173]
* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodamine_B Rhodamine B] Accessed Dec. 2025




[[Category:Materials database]]
[[Category:Materials database]]

Latest revision as of 14:56, 18 April 2026

Rhodamine

Description

rhodamine at 100x

A strong, bright red fluorescent dye. Rhodamine B is a basic dye that was developed in 1887 by Ceresole. It is used as textile and paper dye, as a pigment, and as a staining reagent for the detection of fats and oils. Some oil modified materials such as alkyds and urethanes will also stain with rhodamine (Wolbers et al 1990). Rhodamine B has been used as a fluorescent colorant in inks (ballpoint, printing), wood stains, distemper paints, colored glass, plastics, and shoe polish.

Absorption and fluorescence emission spectra

Synonyms and Related Terms

Basic Violet 10; CI 45170; tetraethylrhodamine; D&C Red No. 19, Solvent Red 49; Pigment Violet 1 (phosphotungstomolybdic acid salt); Pigment Red 173 (aluminum salt); Rhodamine (Deut.); Rodamina B (Esp.); rodamina B (Port.); rhodamine B (Fr.)

Comparisons

Rhodamine B variations with some properties and descriptions

Other names Laked form Comments
Rhodamine 610; Basic Violet 10 identification by fluorescence microscopy and laser dyes; used as pH indicator and water tracer
D&C Red #19 formerly used in drugs and cosmetics but was removed from list in 1984 as a suspected carcinogen
Solvent red 49 fluorescent red dye used in wood stains and coating, printing inks and leather finishes.
Pigment Violet 1 phosphotungstomolybdic acid salt introduced in 1924; bright reddish-violet with high color strength and good lightfastness; used in printing inks, textile printing, and, in some cases, plastics due to its high gloss and vivid shade
Pigment Red 173; Rhodamine Red; Cosmetic Rubine aluminum salt brilliant pink to magenta used in inks, powder coatings, industrial paints, colored glass and plastics; Extensively used in cosmetic products

FTIR 221-0035(MFA)

PV001 sun rhodamine b 221-0035.TIF

FTIR mm0107-dc(MFA)

PV1 rhodamine b (magruder mm0107-dc).TIF

FTIR mm0122-dc(MFA)

Pv1 rhodamine B (magruder mm0122-dc).TIF

FTIR mm1219-dc(MFA)

Pv1 rhodamine B (magruder mm1219-dc).TIF

Raman (MFA)

Rhodamine (Forbes MFA 44) copy.tif

SEM

F44sem.jpg

EDS

F44edsbw.jpg

Chemical structure

Rhodamine b.jpg


Risks

  • Listed as carcinogen and mutagen.
  • Harmful if swallowed
  • Can cause eye damage and allergic reactions in skin
  • Store in glass containers as it is absorbed by plastics
  • ThermoFisher: SDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Soluble in water, alcohols, and polar solvents.
  • Decomposes in chlorinated solutions.
  • Maximum absorption wavelength = 545 nm.
  • Maximum emission wavelength = 625 nm.
  • Composition = C28H31ClN2O3 (mol. wt. = 478.68 g/mol)
  • CAS = 81-88-9
  • Melting Point = 210-211 C

Resources and Citations

  • A. Schaening, M. Schreiner, D. Jembrih-Simbuerger, 'Identification and Classification of Synthetic Organic Pigments of a Collection of the 19th and 20th century by FTIR' The Sixth Infrared and Raman Users Group Conference (IRUG6), Florence Italy, 2004.
  • R. Wolbers, N. Sterman and C. Stavroudis, "Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings", 1990, GCI, Los Angeles.
  • Website for absorption/fluorescent spectra: http://www.omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/PhotochemCAD/html/rhodamineB.html
  • Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • Monona Rossol, The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide, Allworth Press, New York, 1994
  • The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8349
  • Dye History: www.straw.com/sig/dyehist - discovered 1887
  • Aldrich Chemical Catalog Comment: p. 1299
  • Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org
  • CHSOS: Spectra (XRF, Raman, Reflectance) on PR 173
  • Wikipedia: Rhodamine B Accessed Dec. 2025
Retrieved from "https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Rhodamine_B&oldid=105532"